4/
This is the core difference between imitating a past correlation and modeling the mechanism behind it.
A correlation-based system may learn from experience:
In scenes that look like this, grasping the handle usually lifts the cup cleanly.
But things could be different in new scenes.
If the hidden factors change — the cup is fuller, the surface is slipperier, the grasp angle is slightly different — the same action may no longer produce the same result.
Instead, a causal model asks:
if I apply this force, at this angle, under these physical conditions, what changes next?