ALT Photo of a roadsign warning of a staggered junction, and a photo of a glass Liebig pattern condenser with the water inlet and outlet in the same orientation as the road sign.
Mulled wine? No, it's that other festive favourite, mulled vitriol. @iain_smellie got me a red cabbage for Christmas so I've steeped it in dilute H₂SO₄'s to find the safest extract that stores well. Hold tight for the update this time next year. #JamesWatt#GardenIndicators
ALT A collage. On the left hand side is a photo of four basins containing shredded red cabbage bathing in dilute sulfuric acid. On the right, a row of four bottles containing the deep red extracts. The bottles are shown under ambient lighting conditions and also with intense white back lighting to better show the colour.
The rescue poinsettia thinks it's November. Back in 2024 @iain_smellie bought a sorry looking specimen. I put a cutting in some water. It did nothing much for months then in July it suddenly shot out roots overnight and started growing new foliage. Look what appeared yesterday.
ALT How it started, November 2024. A large but wilting poinsettia in a black pot. Dull green leaves and red bracts hang limp on droopy stems.
How it's going, February 2026. A small but vigorous poinsettia in a brown pot. A compact bushy specimen with bright green leaves and a single small fresh red bract.
The rescue poinsettia thinks it's November. Back in 2024 @iain_smellie bought a sorry looking specimen. I put a cutting in some water. It did nothing much for months then in July it suddenly shot out roots overnight and started growing new foliage. Look what appeared yesterday.
ALT How it started, November 2024. A large but wilting poinsettia in a black pot. Dull green leaves and red bracts hang limp on droopy stems.
How it's going, February 2026. A small but vigorous poinsettia in a brown pot. A compact bushy specimen with bright green leaves and a single small fresh red bract.
Mulled wine? No, it's that other festive favourite, mulled vitriol. @iain_smellie got me a red cabbage for Christmas so I've steeped it in dilute H₂SO₄'s to find the safest extract that stores well. Hold tight for the update this time next year. #JamesWatt#GardenIndicators
ALT A collage. On the left hand side is a photo of four basins containing shredded red cabbage bathing in dilute sulfuric acid. On the right, a row of four bottles containing the deep red extracts. The bottles are shown under ambient lighting conditions and also with intense white back lighting to better show the colour.
240 years ago James Watt was discovering red cabbage indicator. 420 days ago I repeated his experiments. With Watt's acidic advice, my extract is 14 months old, still works and doesn't smell (bad). Here it is at some popular pH values. #GardenIndicatorsx.com/AlchemistAngus/status/…
After seeing apples in ammonia, @iain_smellie and I wondered what would happen in sulfur dioxide. Anthocyanins in the red flavylium form react with bisulfite to make colourless flavene sulfonates. SO₂ from hydrochoric acid sodium metabisulfite (Na₂S₂O₅). #GardenIndicators
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ALT Collage of four photos of an apple in an atmosphere of sulfur dioxide. The photos were taken one or two hours apart and show the red apple fading to yellow-orange.
If Snow White ebowed her way in for a bite of this "Scrumptious" science apple, she'd find something else got there first. The non-rotten part was delicious and the peel produced a pink extract that turned apple(ish) green in base. Lovely aluminium complex too. #GardenIndicators
ALT A beautiful shiny bright red apple with a short green stalk. The variety is Scrumptious. It's lit from the side, against a dark background, and there's a bright white reflection on the right hand side.
ALT The less beautiful side of the science apple. A large brown rotten patch surrounds a one centimetre diameter circular hole into a large putrefying cavity.
ALT A blister pack, wells filled with apple extract whose pH has been adjusted. At pH 1 the extract is red. It's deep rose pink at pH 3, lilac at pH 8, brownish at pH 9, olive green at pH 11 and dark apple green at pH 13. The extract itself is pink and the aluminium complex is dark magenta.
ALT Close up of a couple of apples on the tree. There's a large smooth bright red apple in the foreground amid some green leaves. Behind it is a smaller red apple with a few small brown patches, signs of attack from some pest.
It’s the annual art exhibition at school. These are my RGB plots showing the pH profiles from 1-14 of a pink gladiolus (top left), Blackberry (top right), bright pink Busy Lizzie (bottom right) and purple pansy (bottom left). All similar, subtly different #GardenIndicators
It’s been a long time, but I’ve made a new Shinoda test video for the @Gardenindicators YouTube channel. This one features onion skin, the outer part so very easy to extract. youtu.be/HF94JGwLaEw?si=pUYj…
Rainbow fizz neutralisation with N5 Chemistry this morning! 🌈 hydrochloric acid reacting with sodium carbonate to produce sodium chloride water carbon dioxide! 🫧 @MonifiethHigh#Nat5#chemistry#neutralisation P.S. it turns green at the end!
As our range of substituted phenolphthaleins threatens to get out of hand, I felt it was time for a cliché.
ALT A row of seven beakers filled with coloured solutions in rainbow order: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. The caption reads "Beyond the pale pink: substituted phenolphthaleins"
It isn’t all #Gardenindicators in our lab, we’ve been making our own phenolphthalein’s too. They are different colours and pleasingly, all worked well in an acid/base titration.
C. The same.
A year would be 12 months and 5 or 6 days.
(TV quiz question)
ALT The question reads: If every month had 30 days, instead of some with 30 and some with 28, 29 or 31, would there be more or fewer days in the year?
The answer options are: A. More B. Fewer
B. Fewer is highlighted as the correct answer.
The explanation given is: 12 × 30 = 360 days. A standard year has 365 days.
As #autumn days get shorter and cooler, deciduous leaves break down their green chlorophyll to let other pigments shine! 🍃💨🍂
Reds and purples from anthocyanins like cyanin and its derivatives such as chysanthemin. These molecules also lend their colors to many species of flowering plants. Their colors are adjusted by modifications to the groups substituted on the molecule.
Other reds come from lycopene, familiar as an antioxidant in tomatoes. Many oranges and yellows originate from the same class of molecules called the carotenoids. Xanthophylls like zeaxanthin provide the yellows and beta-carotene gives the oranges (also in carrots and pumpkins).
Get out and experience some leaf chemistry today!