ALT Alt text: Person wearing an aqua mask, with a green background. Text: I wear a mask... because I'm going through treatment - Cleaner Air Collective Australia

ALT Ukraine as Object of International Counter-revolution, by Mikhail Pavlovich Pavlovich. Pavlovich is an interesting and under-studied figure in the Russian revolution. A Menshevik until he joined the Bolshevik Party in 1918, Pavlovich was deeply committed to the struggle against colonialism and imperialism, and cultivated political relationships with revolutionaries in Iran, Central Asia and China during his time as a revolutionary exile in Paris during WWI. Pavlovich would later become the first soviet specialist in Asian Studies and was one of the organizers of the Congress of the Peoples of the East. Pavlovich lectured to the General Staff of the Red Army on the subject of imperialism in 1918-19, during the period when Trotsky was its supreme commander. These lectures are among the few of Pavlovich’s works published in English, in 1922. Pavlovich’s Ukraine book was published in 1920 in Russian, and then in 1922 in Ukrainian by Communists in Manitoba Canada.

ALT “The principal feature of the latest stage of capitalism is the domination of monopolist associations of big employers. These monopolies are most firmly established when all the sources of raw materials are captured by one group, and we have seen with what zeal the international capitalist associations exert every effort to deprive their rivals of all opportunity of competing, to buy up, for example, ironfields, oilfields, etc. Colonial possession alone gives the monopolies complete guarantee against all contingencies in the struggle against competitors, including the case of the adversary wanting to be protected by a law establishing a state monopoly. The more capitalism is developed, the more strongly the shortage of raw materials is felt, the more intense the competition and the hunt for sources of raw materials throughout the whole world, the more desperate the struggle for the acquisition of colonies.” Lenin