Assistants (**Archaeologists) at the Swedish History Museum, sitting on the 12th-century bench from Kungsåra Church. Stockholm, 1908. (colorized photograph)
Likely originally crafted for a person of high status, this artifact spent years forgotten in the organ loft of Kungsåra Church, painted over in gray. It was rediscovered purely by chance in 1906. Following a lecture in Västerås by archaeologist Oscar Montelius -- who would later become the riksantikvarie (National Antiquarian) -- an audience member happened to mention this old object in the church. Shortly after, museum officials purchased the bench and added it to their collection.
Let's take a closer look at the photo. Today, even touching a thousand-year-old wooden artifact with bare hands would push the limits of modern conservation rules. But in the early 20th century, museum standards were much more flexible. Employees back then didn't see an issue with sitting directly on a historical artifact and casually posing for a photo.
The people sitting on the bench are Sigrid Leijonhufvud, Rosa Norström, Märta Leijonhufvud, and Fanny von Haartman. These women made up one of the first generations of female professionals in the early days of Swedish archaeology. But their official title was simply "assistant."
**It wasn't illegal for women to attend university in Sweden at the time. However, because of Article 28 of the 1809 Swedish Constitution, only Swedish men could be appointed to higher civil service and academic positions. Since the Swedish History Museum was a state institution, these women couldn't be granted the title of archaeologist or curator (antikvarie), no matter how much they deserved it. Within the institutional hierarchy, they were forced to work in the lower-level civil service role of amanuens (assistant). This rigid legal barrier wasn't lifted until 1923 with the enactment of the Competence Act (Behörighetslagen), which finally granted women the right to hold civil service positions.