I have been thinking a lot about the most popular version of how the sacrifice of Jesus saves believers. It goes something like this:
We are all sinners, and we deserve to be punished for our sins. That punishment includes death and eternal damnation. God sent his Son to die on the cross to accept that punishment in our place, thereby appeasing God’s wrath so that God would not punish us. God, therefore, credits us with the righteousness of Christ so that when He looks at us, He sees the righteousness of Christ, and He considers us and declares us to be holy and no longer of His wrath, even though we aren't truly holy in reality.
This is often called Penal Substitution Atonement, PSA for short. It is often described with phrases like "Jesus paid the penalty (or the debt) for our sin," or "Jesus took the punishment for our sin," or God "poured out the wrath we deserved on Jesus instead of on us."
It’s difficult for me to imagine a more absurd view of biblical salvation. It manufactures a God who must punish, who cannot cleanse, and who makes declarations that are not true.
There is nothing in the Bible that says Jesus paid the penalty for our sin or was punished for our sin. The only passage that comes close is in Isaiah 53: 4-11
Surely our griefs He Himself bore, And our sorrows He carried; Yet we ourselves esteemed Him stricken, Smitten of God, and afflicted. But He was pierced through for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; The chastening for our well-being fell upon Him, And by His scourging we are healed. All of us like sheep have gone astray, Each of us has turned to his own way; But the LORD has caused the iniquity of us all To fall on Him. He was oppressed and He was afflicted, Yet He did not open His mouth; Like a lamb that is led to slaughter, And like a sheep that is silent before its shearers, So He did not open His mouth. By oppression and judgment He was taken away; And as for His generation, who considered That He was cut off out of the land of the living For the transgression of my people, to whom the stroke was due? His grave was assigned with wicked men, Yet He was with a rich man in His death, Because He had done no violence, Nor was there any deceit in His mouth. But the LORD was pleased To crush Him, putting Him to grief; If He would render Himself as a guilt offering, He will see His offspring, He will prolong His days, And the good pleasure of the LORD will prosper in His hand. As a result of the anguish of His soul, He will see it and be satisfied; By His knowledge the Righteous One, My Servant, will justify the many, As He will bear their iniquities.
This passage says that He bore our iniquities, but it doesn’t say that God *punished* Him in our place. Some PSA adherents point to, “Yet we ourselves esteemed Him stricken, smitten of God,” and “the Lord was pleased to crush Him.”
Yet, although God put Jesus in that place and made sure that He suffered, that doesn’t mean that the crushing was a punishment.
The Apostle Paul clearly laid out what was going on:
Romans 6:1 What shall we say then? Are we to continue in sin so that grace may increase?
Romans 6:2 May it never be! How shall we who died to sin still live in it?
Romans 6:3 Or do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus have been baptized into His death?
Romans 6:4 Therefore we have been buried with Him through baptism into death, so that as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too might walk in newness of life.
Romans 6:5 For if we have become united with Him in the likeness of His death, certainly we shall also be in the likeness of His resurrection,
Romans 6:6 knowing this, that our old self was crucified with Him, in order that our body of sin might be done away with, so that we would no longer be slaves to sin;
Romans 6:7 for he who has died is freed (justified) from sin.
Jesus died by God the Father’s hand (directly or indirectly) so that we could die with Him, so that our old self would be crucified and we could be resurrected to a new life.
Since the person who sinned died, and the new person is no longer a sinner, we receive forgiveness. No one needs to be punished. God forgives. He doesn’t need to exert His wrath on anyone.
Verse 7 is the key, and unfortunately, most translations get it wrong. “He who has died is justified from sin (not freed in the Greek).” The sinner is dead. The new man receives forgiveness for his actions in his old life. He is justified in reality, not by a false declaration.
Can you imagine an earthly scenario that’s similar to PSA? Let’s say a young man throws a rock at a house and intentionally breaks a window. The man of the house sees the act and comes out in a rage. The young man, now fearful, falls on his knees and asks to be forgiven. The homeowner then says, “No need to punish you. I’m going to whack my son instead. He’s a good boy, and doesn’t deserve it, but he volunteered to take the punishment for anyone who crosses me. So, from now on, whenever I look at you, I’ll think of him. I declare that you are righteous. You’re free to go.”
That would be an insane response. It's the old whipping-boy concept. Yet, it is very similar to PSA.
Someone has to be punished for the crime, not the person who deserves it but instead someone who doesn’t. This isn’t forgiveness. This is just appeasing the wrath of an unforgiving man who would rather beat up an innocent person than to find a way to cleanse the perpetrator.
Under PSA, the perpetrator remains a violator for the rest of his life, never fully becoming an obedient person. He might not break windows as often as he did before, but he will go on being a violator until death. He doesn’t ever truly and fully repent.
Under real, biblical atonement, the perpetrator is cleansed of all sin and unrighteousness. His old self has died, and he has risen to a new life.
1 John 1:9 If we confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.
Biblical atonement magnifies the grace and mercy of a God who loves us and wants to make us holy. PSA sullies God by sketching Him as a unforgiving tyrant who punishes the innocent and rewards the guilty, unable to make the sinner truly righteous, a God who lies about the reality of an uncleansed heart.
Let us all go forward with purified hearts to live out the true gospel that includes real atonement, shining a light so that others can see the miraculous cleansing that God has performed within us.