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ALT Dr. Emmanuel Badewa teaching students how to characterize a forest soil. Credit: David Raitt ALT Four men, wearing reflective vests and hard hats, in a soil pit observing soil
ALT This figure shows the major rock types in Canada and their location (adapted from the National Atlas of Canada). Sedimentary rocks are shown in yellow. Orange (igneous) and purple (metamorphized igneous rocks) areas in Central and eastern Canada are the Canadian Shield. Volcanic (dark green), igneous and sedimentary rocks form a complex pattern in the western Cordillera. © Natural Resources Canada; used with permission and licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
ALT Top, a stem of a plant, below, a root ball with soil entwined.
ALT Four photos - upper left water splashing, upper right a nematode on soil, lower left a forest, lower right a basket filled with fresh vegetables. In the middle of the image is a red gift ribbon.
ALT Graphic of bullhorn and CSSS logo. Text says “Serve CSSS as our volunteer Communications Manager! Appointment starts Aug. 3rd. Apply by June 12.”
ALT Scrabble tiles spelling LIFE on top of soil with a small tree root
ALT A thermometer reading 112F degrees in a compost pile of grassy material that has frost on the top
ALT ALT Logo made of soil with roots, plant with leaf and swerves that look like a farm field. Text says "Soils and Crops in Focus: Critical Resources from coast to coast: CSSS - CSA - June 20-25, 2026 University of Guelph
ALT Dr. Emmanuel Badewa setting up a winter field experiment to quantify greenhouse gas emissions from biobased amendments during his doctoral research at the University of Waterloo. Credit: Nadia Gabbanelli. ALT A man wearing a hooded winter jacket and gloves holding a measuring tape in a farm field covered with corn stubble and snow
ALT A person wearing a hard hat and a safety vest and goggles standing over new soil. Orange markets are set a few meters apart.
ALT Terrestrial invertebrates, like the millipede pictured here, helped form the structure of modern soils (image from pixabay.com)
ALT Though you can’t see this type of life in soil with your eyes, they are an active part of the soil food web. Views of a soil fungal pathogen of potato, Verticillium dahliae, isolated from Manitoba fields. (A) Colony of the fungus after placement of a single spore onto potato dextrose agar 18 days earlier. (B) and (C) Conidiophore and whorl phialide bearing dispersal cells called conidia. (D) and (E) Clusters of fungal cells with darkened pigmentation for survival in harsh conditions of soil called Microsclerotia. (F) (Alt Tex) Views of fungi described in the caption - some have "stems" and things that look like flowers, others are circular or oval clumps and single organisms
ALT Clear blue water with a white glacier in the middle. Behind are large rocky mountains with some snow on them.
ALT Logo made of soil with roots, plant with leaf and swerves that look like a farm field. Text says "Soils and Crops in Focus: Critical Resources from coast to coast: CSSS - CSA - June 20-25, 2026 University of Guelph
ALT Augustine Osei sampling greenhouse gases in the field. He is kneeling under a canopy of willow, which he is studying for use as biofuels. He is holding a syringe to pull gases out of a chamber inserted in the soil. Credit: Nadia Gabbanelli
ALT Image description: A graph showing the nitrogen mineralization potential of soils across Prince Edward Island. Though the central region of PEI has on average greater nitrogen mineralization potential, there is also large variation from farm field to farm field. This emphasizes the value of site-specific soil testing to quantify nitrogen mineralization potential. (ImportanceofMeasuringSoilNitrate)BY (Attribution) license.
ALT Two graphics. One the left, showing uncompacted soil, are widely spaced brown shapes (soil) surrounded by blue lines and shapes (water) and white space (air.) On the left, showing compacted soil, each of these shapes is pushed together, allowing for less water and air.
