🧵 4/5
Finally: Hout's 2025 systematic review/meta-analysis (Jan 2025) pools 31 studies, 8,280 participants—lead apron users are 3.8x more likely to develop musculoskeletal disorders (OR 3.83).
Over 4,500 pain cases, hitting lower back, shoulders, neck hardest. Aprons (~7kg) spike disc pressure to 2,000 kPa, accelerating degeneration and fatigue. Global epidemic—calls for ergonomics and alternatives loud and clear!
#MSDPrevention