246 years ago today, 32 South Carolina farmers ambushed 200 Loyalist militia at a muster ground in the Carolina backcountry and fired the first shot of the partisan war that would end at Yorktown.
Three weeks earlier, Charleston had surrendered. The entire Southern Continental army, 5,500 men, was in British prison ships in the harbor. The British command sent letters to every man in the South Carolina militia ordering them to come in, take an oath of loyalty to George III, and go home. Most of them did. The war in the South looked over.
Captain John McClure of the Chester District did not get the memo.
McClure was 32 years old, a small farmer, the son of an Ulster immigrant. When he heard that the local Loyalist colonel, Houseman, was holding a muster at Alexander's Old Field to recruit men for the King, he rode through the night gathering volunteers. By dawn on May 31 he had 32 men, mostly his own family and neighbors, armed with hunting rifles.
Houseman had 200 men in formation in an open field, no pickets out, expecting nobody to challenge them. McClure crept his riflemen into the treeline at the edge of the field at 100 yards. He gave the order to fire.
The first volley dropped a dozen Loyalists. The next volley dropped a dozen more. The Loyalist line broke and ran. McClure's men chased them for two miles. By midday Houseman's regiment had ceased to exist as a fighting force.
It was the first Patriot victory in the South after Charleston. It was also a signal. Within weeks, Thomas Sumter, Francis Marion, and Andrew Pickens were in the field with their own bands. Within months, Loyalists could not move outside fortified posts without being ambushed. By October, the same kind of backcountry riflemen who fought at Alexander's Old Field had cornered Major Patrick Ferguson's Loyalist army on top of Kings Mountain and shot them to pieces.
Cornwallis would write in despair that fall: "I will not say much in praise of the militia, but the list of British officers and soldiers killed and wounded by them since June, proves but too fatally they are not wholly contemptible."
The British took Charleston in May 1780 and thought they had won the South. They had won a city. They had lost the country.
It started 246 years ago today, with 32 men and a treeline.