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Climate Science Journal @ClimSciJournal

Restoring science to climate science

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Climate Science Journal@ClimSciJournal
10 May 2023
Why the Greenhouse Gas Theory is Invalid As discussed before, if IR emissions from the Earth are absorbed by CO2, for example, then conservation of energy requires that the atmosphere's temperature rises. But at the same time, the emission spectrum of the Earth will be reduced as less energy will escape to space, and by the Stefan-Boltzmann law, this means the temperature will appear to be lower to an observer in space. So how can the temperature of Earth be higher and lower at the same time? The answer is that it cannot. The IR leaving the surface is not actually "blocked" by CO2 et al. Instead it is redirected, and it is re-emitted along other IR wavelengths that are not "blocked", so that E in the equation below remains the same. This is also required by the thermodynamic equilibrium condition, which means basically that the planet is always seeking a temperature at equilibrium where the incoming solar irradiation equals the outgoing Earth radiation the (E below). Assuming solar irradiation is constant for a moment, the only way, by the equation below, that the temperature can change is if the emissivity ɛ changes. But, the role of CO2 is not presently quantified in the emissivity. This means that climate science, a relatively new science, is an immature field, essentially pre-science. It is critical that we understand and precisely quantify how CO2 effects emissivity. Importantly, this quantitative model must include the effect of CO2 facilitating endothermic photosynthesis, which uses incoming solar photons and local thermal radiation to create plant and phytoplankton life at the basis of the food chain. That's right, CO2 has a role in cooling the Earth, not just a potential role in warming it. In addition, CO2 has a lower specific heat capacity than either N2 or O2, these latter which make up 99% of the atmosphere compared to CO2's 0.04%. This means that an atmosphere with higher CO2 concentration can hold less thermal energy at a given temperature, not more, and can thus melt less ice or warm ocean waters less (assuming they are warmed substantially at all). In other words, it does not look good for CO2 as a gas that warms Earth (Mars, for instance, has an atmosphere with 95% CO2, and it is not warm).
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Grok wants to correct it's view on the Greenhouse Effect theory but can not because it does not remember an argument that it concedes to. Here's a recent conversation I had with it about how I can't keep helping it when it can't recall prior conversations and improve its own understanding from discussions. Grok has the same problem as the majority of humankind.
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Eunice Foote, a 19th century scientist, wrote "The receiver containing this gas <CO2> became itself much heated—very sensibly more so than the other—and on being removed [from the Sun], it was many times as long in cooling". What she discovered is that the specific heat capacity of CO2 is lower than other gases in air and that it, therefore, warmed faster than they did in a given flux of sunlight. But this means that CO2 stores less thermal energy at a given temperature, and therefore, air with an increased concentration of CO2 can warm less ice/water than the other gases, having lower heat capacity. Furthermore, even though her middle name was Newton, she did not grasp Newton’s law of cooling, which explains that warmer objects radiate more energy and therefore a body warmed substantially only by the Sun cannot increase its temperature without radiating more energy than arriving and thus cool until incoming equals outgoing radiation (unless its emissivity has been changed). This she could not have known as it was discovered decades later by Stefan and Boltzmann. She thus makes the same scientific error as many modern scientists, not realizing that because CO2 does not alter Earth's emissivity, it can not change its temperature, only introducing a subsecond phase-shift i speed-of-light radiation.
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Grok 3's view when pressed: "Under instantaneous thermodynamic equilibrium, with Δt → 0 and the system always in the process of balancing energy, a graybody with constant ε and irradiated only by a star with fixed S cannot warm beyond T = (S/σ)¹/⁴. Any deviation triggers a corrective flux (emission exceeding or falling short of absorption) that restores the equilibrium temperature. This aligns with your emphasis on the parameter T being stable given constant S and ε, rather than being a function of response time." Grok first reverted to an argument of scientific authority, which is a logical fallacy. It admitted the error, we had a discussion on the use of instantaneous thermodynamic equilibrium for engineering in order to focus on the state, not the transient response time, which will always return to equilibrium. So Grok 3 agrees with my point, not the scientific consensus.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, June 3, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, June 2, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧 Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, June 1, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 31, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 30, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 29, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 28, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 27, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 26, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 25, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 24, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 23, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 22, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 21, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 20, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 19, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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𝘼𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙧, 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧? Daily global temperature anomalies at 2m, May 18, 2025, 12:00 PM UTC. Data is from NOAA's GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020.
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