Monolithic chains run everything in one shared environment. Same constraints, congestion, and limitations for every application built on top.
@Polkadot's modular design separates execution domains. Each rollup chain defines its own logic, governance, and state. Shared security and interoperability come included.
Building with the Polkadot SDK means:
• Isolated execution domains.
• Shared security via NPoS and ELVES.
• Native cross-chain communication through XCM.