ALT Section of figure that outlines two (of many) potential outcomes from applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculants. One scenario is where the introduced fungal taxon persists and promotes defenses of plants and thus benefits plant communities. The second scenario is where the introduced fungal taxon does not persist in the environment (possible it is not suited to it, or is outcompeted by the resident fungi already present) and there is no defense-benefit for plants.

ALT Ecosystem multifunctionality in organic and conventional arable farming systems with tillage, with reduced tillage or without tillage (no tillage). This graphs shows the overall average response of 43 agroecosystem properties including yield, soil quality, soil erosion, soil structure, various biodiversity measures, income per hectare, air pollution (climate warming potential on a hectare basis), ecotoxicity and eutrophication potential. The results were obtained from the FArming Systems and Tillage (FAST) Experiment in Switzerland. Results of the first crop rotation (6 years). See Wittwer et al. 2021.