Somebody help this poor bloke out Lazaridis & Reich Lab Co. present a problematic reconstruction of East Anatolian history for several reasons (1) they ignore context, and in this case the R1b-V1636 from Arslantepe is a sacrificial burial (from Skourtianoti ART038 - 'lying on top of stone slabs closing the Royal tomb. Probably sacrificed. Dating of human bone: 3361-3105 cal BCE (4534 ± 27 BP, MAMS-34112). (2) Lazaridis' models are poorly executed, ART-018, despite being R1b, has less (almost zero) steppe ancestry than KAx populations, suggesting that ART018 had indeed been part of a non-IE KAx meta-group; (3) Their explanation that the KAx expansion 'erased' steppe ancestry in East and C. Anatolia doesn't hold, because KAx expanded c. 3200 BC, whilst we have Chalcolithic samples from from E-C Ant dating to 4000 and 3000 BC, which lack steppe ancestry. Hence in addition to poor analysis, they seem to be historically mis-informed; (4) We have a clear trace of steppe ancestry in western Anatolia, coupled with a clear Y-DNA signal @iosif_lazaridis

**Wallace & Australia were colonised by modern Humans after 45,000BP** Although the archeogenetic dataset is uneven, we are lucky to have Denisovan, Neanderthal & ‘modern’ human DNA from across Eurasia to generate reasonable hypothesis.

Our phylogenetic tree (qpGraph analysis of published genomes), reveals the following: 1. ''Out-of-Africa'' populations diverged in western Eurasia (Branch 1 Zlaty Kuhn - Bohemia, branch 2 'Kostenki, Russia", Branch 3 ' Balkan IUP and all East Asian subsumed) 2. Their expansion occurred after 55,000 BP 3. Australians share ancestry with hunter-gatherers from Indonesia & Laos (SEA), consistent with predicted migratory routes 4. Indonesians, Papuans and Australians have additional ancestry from Denisovans, higher than other East Asian populations. 5. There is no detectable ‘ghost modern’ ancestry (debuking the pre-60,000 BP dispersal hypothesis) 6. Views that W & A were colonized by modern humans before 50,000, or via a southeast Asian secondary homeland, are not based on scientific rigour, but rely on flawed inferencing from *modern* uniparental DNA, dubious indirect dating methods and a fossil record which, when dated directly never support their original claims. It even takes fallacious dimension amongst some ‘scholar’ circles with a cult-like vigour. E.g. x.com/ChrisStringer65/status…

Battle Axe Culture (BAC) moved from Estonia to Sweden, have local TRB ancestry The BAC is a local variant of the CWC horizon, found in southern Scandinvia, esp. Sweden. Published ancient DNA samples date c. 2600-2400 BC, thus within mid-CW chronology.

In contrast to the ‘core CW” group (non-outlier CW from Czech, Germany, Poland, Baltic), BAC have excess ‘farmer’ ancestry. We have determined that the most likely source of this ancestry are local Swedish TRB groups. Although IBD suggests the main source of ‘’farmer’’ ancestry (with elevated WHG) in ‘CW core’ comes from GAC, the additional farmer ancestry in Swedish BAC might derive from TRB because (i) GAC did not exist in Sweden (ii) Swedish BAC have more farmer ancestry than putative source groups, (iii) BAC burials re-utilised TRB Megaliths, pointing to cultural interactions (iv) Swedish TRB provides slightly better Tail probds. than GAC

No collapse but long transformation of Cucuteni-Trypillia sciencedirect.com/science/ar… In the often simplistic 'kurganist' metanarratives, the CT collapsed due to Yamnaya invasions. This article outlines the long & dynamic history of the CT culture. Only critique is they left out the GAC expansion which in fact impacted much of the CT area.

Proto-Armenians- not quite from Catacomb Paleogenetics provides evidence of migrations from the East European steppe to southern Caucasus during the Bronze Age. This can be reasonably linked with the introduction of a cultural package which included proto-Armenian language. The focus so far by the ‘Echo Chamber’ has been on Yamnaya-Catacomb & Y-hg R1b-M269, moving south as they ‘took over’ dominance from Kura-Araxes groups. However, this proposal misses important details.

qpAdm analysis shows the multi-Cordoned Ware is a better source of steppe ancestry in the MLBA south Caucasus horizon than Yamnaya- Catacomb, although 3-way models as KAx Catacomb Srubnaja probably also work. But the Y-DNA helps determine the direction.