Euler's theory, applicable to long columns, provides a formula for calculating the buckling load. In contrast, Rankine's theory offers a more comprehensive approach for all column types, considering both buckling and crushing stresses.
The image illustrates the principles of reinforced and prestressed concrete. It shows how a plain concrete beam bends and cracks under heavy load, and how embedding steel rods enhances its strength.
A 50-kg block moves between vertical guides as shown. The block is pulled 40 mm down from its equilibrium position and released. For each spring arrangement, determine the period of the vibration, the maximum velocity of the block, and the maximum acceleration of the block.