It was my profound honor to host 18 Zimbabwean war veterans who received Chinese training during Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle, both in China and in camps across Tanzania, Zambia in the 1960s and 70s.
They shared vivid memories of their training, their battles, and the profound friendship with their Chinese comrades. Deeply moved by their stories of gallantry and sacrifice, and by their enduring gratitude for China's critical material and military support. This sentiment was powerfully echoed in the eye-opening article by Lt. Col. Humphrey Makuyana (Rtd) - Kidd, which left me deeply touched. Lest we forget! 🇨🇳🇿🇼
Acknowledging and Recognising the Contribution of the Chinese People to Zimbabwe’s Liberation Struggle: A War Veteran’s Perspective — Lest We Forget By Lt. Col. Humphrey Makuyana (Rtd) - Kidd
History is not merely a record of events; it is a sacred testament of sacrifice, solidarity, and the forces that shape a nation’s destiny. For Zimbabwe, whose birth was midwifed by the sweat and blood of liberation fighters, the struggle for independence stands as a defining chapter. Yet, the story of that struggle is incomplete without acknowledging the unwavering support of the People’s Republic of China. As a war veteran who lived through the brutalities and triumphs of the liberation war, it is both a duty and moral obligation to honour those who stood with us when the world was divided—and when freedom was costly. This is not political rhetoric. It is historical truth. Lest we forget.
1. China’s Training Institutions: The Crucible of Revolutionary Leadership
Long before the dawn of 1980, thousands of young Zimbabwean nationalists left their homes, families, and everything familiar to embark on a perilous journey of military and ideological training. China opened its doors to these young cadres, offering not only facilities but high-quality military academies and political instruction centres.
In these institutions, Zimbabwean fighters received training in:
guerrilla warfare
strategic combat operations
political education and revolutionary ideology
intelligence gathering and counter-intelligence
discipline, leadership, and organisational ethics
The Chinese approach to training was holistic. It transformed inexperienced youths into resilient guerrillas capable of confronting one of the most heavily armed colonial regimes in Africa. The training instilled a sense of purpose, unity, and ideological clarity. Freedom fighters were taught to understand the deeper meaning of liberation—beyond the battlefield—and to connect with the masses as their lifeline.
This Chinese training was instrumental in shaping the operational doctrines of ZANLA. Many of the seasoned commanders, political commissars, and tacticians who later led successful operations in the rural hinterlands of Zimbabwe sharpened their craft in these Chinese institutions.
For many of us, China was not simply a training ground—it was a forge that moulded revolutionary consciousness.
2. Military and Political Instructors in Zambia and Tanzania: China Brought the Struggle to Africa
China did not limit its support to training Zimbabwean cadres within its borders. At great diplomatic and logistical effort, it deployed military and political instructors directly to the frontlines of the liberation effort in Southern Africa. These instructors were stationed in key training camps in:
Zambia – including Mboroma, Chifombo, and other ZANLA-affiliated camps
Tanzania – notably Mgagao, Itumbi, Nachingwea , and other centres of ideological and military transformation
These Chinese instructors lived among us. They endured the same life of scarcity, mosquitoes, harsh weather, and the constant threat of Rhodesian bombardment. They walked the same paths, ate the same food, slept in the same barracks, and trained under the same dangers.
Their presence strengthened:
arms handling and maintenance skills
close-combat tactics
ambush and counter-ambush operations
political and ideological education
discipline, unity, and commitment to the people’s struggle
For Zimbabwean cadres, these instructors became true comrades—not foreign consultants. Their contribution cannot be diluted or erased from the national memory.
3. China Provided the Arms of War: The Backbone of Zimbabwe’s Liberation Effort
No liberation struggle can succeed without weapons. The Rhodesian regime was armed to the teeth, supported by apartheid South Africa and other Western powers. Our fighters, though determined, needed effective tools of resistance.
China stepped in where many nations hesitated.
The bulk of ZANLA’s armaments came from China, including:
AK-pattern rifles (Type 56)
RPG-7 and other anti-tank weapons
LMGs, HMGs, and ammunition
anti-personnel and anti-vehicle landmines
grenades, mortars, and recoilless rifles
communication radios and field equipment
military uniforms, boots, tents, medical kits, and survival supplies
These weapons were not symbolic—they transformed the war.
Chinese-supplied arms enabled ZANLA forces to:
launch effective guerrilla warfare operations
open and sustain new operational zones
resist Rhodesian patrols and air assaults
intensify pressure on the colonial government
build confidence among rural communities
raise the morale of fighters
It is a historical fact that without these arms, the liberation struggle would have been significantly prolonged and far more deadly.
China’s support was not transactional. It was founded on ideological solidarity with oppressed peoples fighting for self-determination.
4. Political Solidarity and International Support
Beyond the battlefield, China was a powerful voice for Zimbabwe’s liberation cause in global diplomacy. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, China consistently:
recognised the legitimacy of the liberation struggle
supported liberation movements at the United Nations
provided diplomatic backing against colonial oppression
strengthened the international advocacy for majority rule
stood against Western support for the Rhodesian regime
China’s consistent stance helped amplify the moral and political pressure that ultimately contributed to the collapse of colonial defiance.
For Zimbabwe, this diplomatic support was invaluable. It anchored the struggle within a global context and proved that the liberation movement was not isolated or unsupported.
5. A War Veteran’s Reflection: Memory as National Responsibility
As someone who walked through minefields, slept in the bush, carried Chinese rifles, received training from Chinese comrades, and engaged in operations made possible by Chinese support, I must speak the truth clearly:
China’s contribution is not a favour—it is a foundational pillar of our liberation history.
Younger generations, who may only know China in terms of contemporary economic relations, must understand this deeper historical bond. Long before trade agreements, infrastructure projects, and political cooperation, China was a freedom ally.
When Zimbabweans were hunted, China stood with them.
When fighters needed training, China trained them.
When weapons were needed, China supplied them.
When global narratives dismissed African liberation, China defended it.
This is why honouring the Chinese people is not just courtesy—it is moral justice.
6. Honouring the Past, Strengthening the Future
History demands honesty. The relationship between Zimbabwe and China was not born out of convenience—it was forged in the crucible of struggle. Recognising China’s contribution does not mean denying contributions from other nations. But truth requires us to acknowledge scale, consistency, and depth.
China’s role stands tall among the greatest contributions.
This recognition is also essential for:
educating future generations
safeguarding historical integrity
strengthening Zimbabwe’s diplomatic memory
preventing revisionism
honouring the sacrifices of both Zimbabweans and their allies
A nation that forgets the hands that lifted it risks losing moral direction.
Conclusion: Lest We Forget
As Zimbabwe continues to navigate its post-independence reality, it must remain grounded in the truths that shaped its birth. From a war veteran’s vantage point—sharpened by memory, sacrifice, and lived experience—one message becomes unmistakably clear:
The people of China walked with us in the trenches.
They supported us in the barracks.
They armed us in the battlefield.
They stood with us in the diplomatic arena.
Their contribution is not a footnote in our history—it is a chapter written in bold ink.
We acknowledge.
We recognise.
We honour.
Lest we forget.