Saudi Arabia normalized with Iran in 2023 through Beijing and renewed that commitment in December 2025, weeks before the US and Israel bombed it into rubble. When the war came anyway, Riyadh activated a September 2025 defense pact that placed Pakistan into formal obligation to Saudi Arabia, sent its Finance Minister to Islamabad the day before the critical talks opened, embedded its foreign minister in the quadrilateral platform Pakistan was hosting, and used the kingdom's financial instruments over Islamabad to ensure Rawalpindi delivered. The result: on June 14, 2026, it was Pakistan's prime minister who announced the US-Iran MOU to the world, and now the hope is that all parties involved can find an exit within 60 days.
frametheglobenews.com/p/the-…