⬆️ GDF-15 = ⬆️ risk in HFrEF.
In DAPA-HF, dapagliflozin benefit was consistent across GDF-15 levels, but absolute risk reduction was greatest in those with ⏫ levels. Further, dapa did not significantly ⬇️ GDF-15!
GDF-15 is a marker of risk, not response. 🧪🫀
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