Trauma Signs and Related Diagnosis:
Battle's Sign
Description: Bruising behind the ears.
Associated Diagnosis: Basilar skull fracture, usually due to severe head trauma.
Raccoon Eyes
Description: Bruising around BOTH eyes.
Associated Diagnosis: Basilar skull fracture, often due to severe head trauma.
Grey Turner's Sign
Description: Bruising in the flanks.
Associated Diagnosis: Retroperitoneal hemorrhage, often due to abdominal trauma.
Kehr's Sign
Description: Left shoulder pain.
Associated Diagnosis: Splenic rupture or other abdominal issues, often due to blunt abdominal trauma.
Beck's Triad
Description: Hypotension (low blood pressure), distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds.
Associated Diagnosis: Cardiac tamponade, a condition where fluid accumulates in the pericardium (the sac around the heart), which can result from chest trauma.
Cullen's Sign
Description: Bluish discoloration around the umbilicus (belly button).
Associated Diagnosis: Hemoperitoneum or intra-abdominal bleeding, often due to trauma.
Seatbelt Sign
Description: Bruising along the path of a seatbelt.
Associated Diagnosis: Internal injuries such as bowel perforation or spinal fractures, often seen in motor vehicle accidents.
Fothergill's Sign
Description: A palpable, non-movable mass on the abdominal wall that remains palpable when the patient tenses their abdominal muscles.
Associated Diagnosis: Rectus sheath hematoma, often due to blunt abdominal trauma.
Dunphy's Sign
Description: Increased pain during coughing.
Associated Diagnosis: Acute appendicitis, which can sometimes be caused by trauma.
Howship-Romberg Sign
Description: Pain down the medial aspect of the thigh to the knee.
Associated Diagnosis: Obturator hernia, which can be caused by blunt force trauma to the abdomen.
O'Sullivan's Test
Description: Pain or apprehension with a sudden twisting motion.
Associated Diagnosis: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often due to sports-related trauma.
Painful Arc Sign
Description: Shoulder pain between 60 and 120 degrees of abduction.
Associated Diagnosis: Rotator cuff tear, often due to trauma.
Stellwag's Sign
Description: Infrequent or incomplete blinking.
Associated Diagnosis: Traumatic brain injury or cranial nerve damage.
Homans' Sign
Description: Pain in the calf or popliteal region with forced dorsiflexion of the foot.
Associated Diagnosis: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can occur after trauma or immobilization.
Pryse-Phillips Sign
Description: Inability to extend the interphalangeal joint of the thumb.
Associated Diagnosis: Ulnar collateral ligament injury of the thumb (also known as "skier's thumb"), often due to trauma.
Apley's Scratch Test
Description: Difficulty or inability to touch the opposite shoulder blade by reaching over the shoulder or behind the back.
Associated Diagnosis: Rotator cuff tear or other shoulder pathology, often due to trauma.
Lachman Test
Description: Increased anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur during a pulling maneuver.
Associated Diagnosis: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often due to sports-related trauma.