This is Samori Toure.
Samori was born in 1830.
He was the son of a weaver.
But by the time he was 40, he ruled an empire stretching across West Africa and for 16 years, he held the entire French colonial army at bay.
How he got there tells you everything about the man he became.
In 1853, his mother was seized by a rival clan.
Samori had no money for a ransom so he walked into the enemy's territory and offered himself in her place.
They accepted. He served his enemy for 7 years.
And in those 7 years, he learned everything he needed to know:
• He learned to handle firearms.
• He learned military discipline.
• He learned the arts of war.
When he was finally freed, he left with one goal:
To build something no one could ever take from him again.
By 1878, he had done it.
He had built an empire of 30,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry stretching across what is now Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, and Côte d'Ivoire.
He did it through a combination of military genius and diplomacy.
Then France arrived.
In 1882, French Colonel Borgnis-Desbordes marched on Samori's territory.
The French troops had the most advanced weapons on earth.
Samori's sofas charged in their traditional formation.
It was a massacre.
But Samori adapted.
Within days, he had switched to guerrilla tactics:
• Hit-and-run cavalry strikes.
• Ambushes.
• Scorched earth.
He harassed the French all the way back to the Niger river.
Word spread across West Africa:
There was a man who could fight the French and win.
Recruitment surged.
But here's what made Samori truly different:
His blacksmiths.
He knew he couldn't rely on buying weapons forever.
So he put his smiths to work on captured French rifles.
And they learned to build them from scratch.
By 1887, his army had a three-tier weapons system:
• Elite troops with modern repeater rifles.
• A second tier with bolt-action rifles, conquering new territory to the east.
• A third tier with flintlocks, holding the interior.
He had built an arms industry in the middle of a war.
In 1891, France lost patience.
Colonel Archinard marched on Samori's capital, expecting to end it in weeks.
Samori didn't fight him for it.
Instead, he made the most extraordinary decision in the history of African resistance:
He picked up his entire empire and moved it.
120,000 people marched east, burning everything behind them so the French would inherit nothing, while simultaneously fighting a rear-guard war.
And conquering new territory ahead.
For 7 years, he kept this up.
The French could never pin him down.
He was finally captured on September 29, 1898.
A French captain used information from deserters to find his camp at dawn.
Samori was taken without a fight.
He was 68 years old and had been at war for 16 years.
The French exiled him to Gabon to a prison camp on a small island in the middle of the Ogooué River.
The locals called it the "dry guillotine" because of how many prisoners died there.
Samori Ture died of pneumonia on June 2, 1900, less than 2 years after his capture.
Samori became a symbol of resistance across the continent.
His great-grandson became Guinea's first president after independence.
Author Ta-Nehisi Coates named his son Samori, and explained why in his book Between the World and Me.
A man born to a weaver with nothing held the most powerful colonial army on earth at bay for 16 years.
Remember his name.