Computer science, graph theory, parallelism, consensus; taking Kaspa to the next level

Joined February 2021
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wrote an outlook for the upcoming “Toccata” hard fork -- native L1 covenants, based zk apps, why the activation window moved, and what the road from feature freeze to mainnet looks like: medium.com/@michaelsuttonil/…
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Michael Sutton retweeted
I was fortunate enough to witness the process behind this upgrade up close. Half a year ago, the only thing we knew was that Kaspa had to become programmable, ASAP. This notion matured into a surprisingly complete and elegant solution in a very short period of time. Building a development framework is a massive task, so the first attempts were to harness KIP-16's ZK verification opcodes to tap into existing ZK development frameworks, but we did not find a good enough fit. One weekend Ori sat down with some leftover tokens, and Silverscript came out the other side. The project grew quickly, and the compiler now enables a wide range of applications to be written and deployed directly on Kaspa in a high-level language (thanks to KIP-17 and KIP-20). KIP-21 deserves its own post, but it allows for complex ZK-based applications and is a fundamental component of the full vProgs solution. Together, all these turn Kaspa into an impressively expressive programmable money layer. From simple vaults, through basic contracts to complex multi-contract applications, alongside privacy apps and scalable batch-proving-based applications. Toccata is the outcome of pure R&D -- deep research and hardcore development, done fast and in parallel (how fitting). There’s still much work to be done to make the new capabilities more approachable, but it’s hard to understate the power, elegance, and completeness of what the best money layer in the world will soon allow us to express. @michaelsuttonil @Max143672 @OriNewman @IzioDev - Watching you guys work has been a masterclass. Thank you.
**Official Toccata Release — Mainnet Hardfork Activation Included** (Links in reply) We’re excited to announce the official Kaspa release containing the **Toccata Hardfork** activation logic. Toccata is scheduled to activate on mainnet at DAA score `474,165,565`, expected around **June 30, 2026, 16:15 UTC**. This is a consensus-changing upgrade. All node operators, miners, pools, exchanges, indexers, wallets, and infrastructure providers must upgrade before activation to remain compatible with the network. Toccata introduces a major expansion of Kaspa L1 capabilities, including: • **Native L1 covenant support** through transaction introspection, allowing for more expressive contracts, including stateful contracts • **Covenant IDs**, providing stable covenant lineage across UTXO transitions, so covenant instances can preserve continuity as their state moves from one UTXO to the next • **ZK proof verification on L1** via `OpZkPrecompile`, enabling to trustlessly offload computation off-chain. • **Partitioned sequencing commitments**, improving support for based ZK applications by making lane-local proving scale with relevant activity rather than global throughput Please upgrade as soon as possible and verify your nodes are running the new release well before the activation DAA score. Thank you to everyone who contributed to designing, implementing, reviewing, and testing Toccata.
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Michael Sutton retweeted
Tomorrow it's finally time for the first community hangout! Kaspa Under the Hood: Setting the Stage for vProgs Grab a beer, coffee, tea, or whatever keeps you going, and join us for the first regular Kaspa community hangout. We will start with a high-level presentation of the upcoming vProgs architecture and Kaspa’s next stages of development. Since the architecture is extensive, this first session is meant to set the stage for future deep dives. The presentation is meant to be accessible to people with different technical backgrounds. We will take things step by step, build up the necessary context, and gradually develop a shared understanding of Kaspa’s architecture, trade-offs, and long-term vision. After that, we will move into a relaxed open discussion where people can ask questions, share ideas, and talk about anything interesting: Kaspa, decentralized infrastructure, incentives, technology, philosophy, or the future of humanity. Bring your ideas and questions, grab a drink, and join the conversation! discord.com/events/599153230…
That's a really good question, but it's hard to answer in a single tweet because our mission is quite extensive, and it requires a lot of background knowledge to really understand what sets Kaspa apart. Currently, a lot of people see Kaspa as “Bitcoin’s crazy little brother” that improves time-to-finality by leveraging the benefits of DAG-based consensus protocols without accepting their traditional drawbacks, such as decreased decentralization or a limited validator set. This perception is somewhat accurate, but it falls short of conveying the full picture, because Kaspa’s vision extends far beyond just trying to be a better Bitcoin. Anyone willing to study Kaspa and its broader vision will discover similarities to nearly all major existing DLT designs: from Bitcoin, to Ethereum, to Solana, Sui, Celestia, and beyond. My personal view is that “research” in the DLT space is approaching a point of convergence. We increasingly understand how to push distributed systems close to the limits of what physics permits. The frontier is no longer only about raw throughput or faster finality. The attention is shifting toward game theory, incentives, sequencing, MEV, alignment, and how to build systems where the economic incentives of users, builders, miners, validators, applications, and infrastructure providers do not work against each other. That is why debates like based rollups versus arbitrary sequencing, shared sequencing, MEV mitigation, proposer-builder separation, and execution-layer incentives matter so much. These are not niche technical details. They determine whether a network can remain neutral, decentralized, and aligned while scaling to global usage. And this is where I think Kaspa is pushing the boundaries in a very important way. Kaspa is not merely trying to be “fast.” The goal is to build an L1 where speed, decentralization, security, and incentives are aligned at the base layer. A system that does not scale by hiding complexity behind trusted committees, privileged sequencers, centralized validator sets, or opaque coordination mechanisms, but instead tries to preserve the spirit of proof-of-work while extending what an L1 can realistically do. Because Kaspa arrived later than many other major projects, it does not carry the same degree of technological debt. It can absorb lessons from Bitcoin, Ethereum, rollups, modular blockchains, high-throughput monolithic chains, DAG research, MEV research, and the broader history of decentralized systems, and combine those lessons into something more optimal. To me, that is what Kaspa is building: not just a faster blockchain, but a more incentive-aligned decentralized infrastructure layer. But this also creates a different challenge. Kaspa’s biggest problem today is not its technology. It is the lack of centralized coordination around communicating the vision. And because Kaspa is a grass-roots movement, that responsibility does not belong to a marketing department, or a single leadership team. It belongs to the community. That also means the community has a different role to play. There will always be holders who are mainly interested in price, and that is completely fine. But there also need to be people who are here because they want to use the technology to build a different future. People who care about the architecture, the incentives, the open questions, the trade-offs, and the long-term trajectory of decentralized infrastructure. I am one of those people. I am not interested in DLTs merely as a way to generate wealth. I am interested in them because I believe they can change the trajectory of humanity as a whole. For that reason, I want to use this opportunity to announce a regular community hangout where we discuss the current state of development, the open questions, and where we can align our vision together. The first session will be on Tuesday, June 9th, 2026. We will talk about the vProgs framework, how the codebase works, what sets Kaspa apart, where we improve on existing solutions, and what still needs to be done. The goal is for this to become a regular, possibly bi-weekly, event where we as a community come together to discuss the future and understand the technology. Eventually, we can invite people from other projects as well, but the main focus at the beginning will be explaining and communicating how things work under the hood. There is still a lot of work to be done, and I do not want to waste precious time. So the first sessions may feel a little improvised, but we can improve as we go. The important thing is that we start. So mark the date: Tuesday, June 9th, 2026.
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Kaspa Toccata mainnet process update: Today we plan to publish the v1.3.0 mainnet pre-release, without activation, for 1–2 days of broader network sanity testing. Assuming everything looks good, the following release will be v2.0.0, with activation planned for June 30, 4 weeks from today
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And now, to the actual v2.0.0 Toccata release ⚡🎉: x.com/i/status/2062887644791…

**Official Toccata Release — Mainnet Hardfork Activation Included** (Links in reply) We’re excited to announce the official Kaspa release containing the **Toccata Hardfork** activation logic. Toccata is scheduled to activate on mainnet at DAA score `474,165,565`, expected around **June 30, 2026, 16:15 UTC**. This is a consensus-changing upgrade. All node operators, miners, pools, exchanges, indexers, wallets, and infrastructure providers must upgrade before activation to remain compatible with the network. Toccata introduces a major expansion of Kaspa L1 capabilities, including: • **Native L1 covenant support** through transaction introspection, allowing for more expressive contracts, including stateful contracts • **Covenant IDs**, providing stable covenant lineage across UTXO transitions, so covenant instances can preserve continuity as their state moves from one UTXO to the next • **ZK proof verification on L1** via `OpZkPrecompile`, enabling to trustlessly offload computation off-chain. • **Partitioned sequencing commitments**, improving support for based ZK applications by making lane-local proving scale with relevant activity rather than global throughput Please upgrade as soon as possible and verify your nodes are running the new release well before the activation DAA score. Thank you to everyone who contributed to designing, implementing, reviewing, and testing Toccata.
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so this kaspa toccata thing is out now ⚡, wow
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Michael Sutton retweeted
**Official Toccata Release — Mainnet Hardfork Activation Included** (Links in reply) We’re excited to announce the official Kaspa release containing the **Toccata Hardfork** activation logic. Toccata is scheduled to activate on mainnet at DAA score `474,165,565`, expected around **June 30, 2026, 16:15 UTC**. This is a consensus-changing upgrade. All node operators, miners, pools, exchanges, indexers, wallets, and infrastructure providers must upgrade before activation to remain compatible with the network. Toccata introduces a major expansion of Kaspa L1 capabilities, including: • **Native L1 covenant support** through transaction introspection, allowing for more expressive contracts, including stateful contracts • **Covenant IDs**, providing stable covenant lineage across UTXO transitions, so covenant instances can preserve continuity as their state moves from one UTXO to the next • **ZK proof verification on L1** via `OpZkPrecompile`, enabling to trustlessly offload computation off-chain. • **Partitioned sequencing commitments**, improving support for based ZK applications by making lane-local proving scale with relevant activity rather than global throughput Please upgrade as soon as possible and verify your nodes are running the new release well before the activation DAA score. Thank you to everyone who contributed to designing, implementing, reviewing, and testing Toccata.
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Michael Sutton retweeted
It's very satisfying to progressively assemble pieces of the software you love. 1 year ago I only knew one Kaspa surface layer and today I'm starting to feel confident in many of them. I didn't fully realize the deepness, nor how big I would progress in my beloved field.
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The man and the legend wolfie sharing the story of this unique piece of art ♡ cc @fishtuna who was part of the conspiracy as well
Yes of course my Pal ! This is a 10ft ethernet cable which connected RustForce1 to the world :) RustForce1 is a high end gaming machine spec tower I built as a DEV machine so @michaelsuttonil could compile and test all versions up to and including the RUST main net release. A WAN IP, loaded RAM and flagship @intel CPU offered faster more efficient software development environment than laptops. After release of RUSTY $KAS , I rearranged all of the machines in my office and it struck me that 'all of the 1's and 0's IN RUST passed through this cable BEFORE it took over the World" - therefore Sir Sutton might want to hang onto it as a Lifetime Story Souvenir!!
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Guess who’s in town $kas
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checkmate is coming to kaspa
$KAS Toccata hardfork test on testnet-10 was a succuss. Onwards towards mainnet! Official date details coming soon!
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Michael Sutton retweeted
🚀 Toccata Hardfork Now Live on Kaspa TN10 With Kaspa’s Toccata hardfork now active on testnet, a new era for Kaspa L1 apps has begun. KaspaCom is already building for that era, delivering the app layer Kaspa users need. Toccata-ready apps are coming. ⚡️
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Michael Sutton retweeted
Update: Testnet 10 underwent the Toccata hardfork about 30mins ago and everything’s still running like clockwork. Transition was smooth and seamless. This seamlessness is the standard that kaspa devs set. It’s easy to take it for granted so I want to take this moment to recognize the effort and due diligence that went into making this happen @michaelsuttonil @OriNewman @Max143672 @IzioDev @FreshAir08 @manyfest_ @hus_qy (and sorry if I missed anyone) Mainnet HF soon
Here we go again: rehearsing a major hardfork on testnet 10, this time crescendoing into Toccata Activation is scheduled for tomorrow May 18, 16:00 UTC. Existing TN10 miners/operators should upgrade now. In a few hours upgraded p2p nodes will stop connecting to non-upgraded nodes as we enter the 24h pre-activation window. Let’s make the mainnet activation boring by making the TN10 rehearsal as mainnet-real-world as possible
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Here we go again: rehearsing a major hardfork on testnet 10, this time crescendoing into Toccata Activation is scheduled for tomorrow May 18, 16:00 UTC. Existing TN10 miners/operators should upgrade now. In a few hours upgraded p2p nodes will stop connecting to non-upgraded nodes as we enter the 24h pre-activation window. Let’s make the mainnet activation boring by making the TN10 rehearsal as mainnet-real-world as possible
The Toccata hardfork stack is now ready, and we’re entering the final stage before mainnet activation: a full hardfork activation on Testnet-10. The scheduled activation point is: May 18, 2026, 16:00 UTC DAA Score: 467_579_632 Everyone is welcome to join and mine on testnet, so we can verify the transition works fine before mainnet activation. I wrote detailed instructions for joining as a testnet miner (Link in reply)
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Michael Sutton retweeted
Toccata hardfork activation testing in devnet earlier today showed very promising results with a smooth transition. Truly amazing work guys @michaelsuttonil @OriNewman @Max143672 @IzioDev! TN10 hf very soon
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