Inspired by a new paper on the history of back squats, here are 3 great examples of 2 major lessons:
1. Bad science communication
2. How unintentional biases shape confusion among 'experts' and thus - the community
3. Plus, some fascinating history of arguably the most maligned exercise in history, and some INSANE feats of strength.
🧘♂️ 1800’s | Squats for Exercise Begin
From Indian baithak traditions to Europe—light squats praised, heavy ones feared.
☠️ 1860’s | Lifting Weights = Deadly
Windship’s death “muscle-bound” panic push heavy training into exile for nearly 100 years.
💪 1890’s | Rise of Superhumans
Eugene Sandow becomes bodybuilding’s father, while H.P. Hansen squats 277 lbs × 65 reps 🤯.
🏋️♂️ 1902 | Barbells for the Masses
Sandow sells spring-loaded gear; Alan Calvert launches Milo Barbell America’s first strength mag.
🌍 Early 1900’s | Squat Training is Born
“Deep knee bend” contests spread worldwide—tiptoe squats dominate, Thomas Inch promotes flat-foot stance.
🦵 1920’s | Goodbye Tippy-Toes
Goerner, Morke & Steinborn squat 500 lbs flat-footed, inventing clever barbell-loading tricks pre-rack era.
🥛 1930’s | Back Squats & Husky Gains
Steinborn sets the standard; Mark Berry’s “Husky Program” = 20-rep squats a gallon of milk/day. Racks & cambered bars appear.
🏆 1940’s | Modern Back Squat Cemented
Bob Hoffman popularizes safe squat racks; Bob Peoples deadlifts 700 lbs at 181 lbs 🤯.
🧪 1950’s | Scientific Sabotage
Karl Klein falsely claims deep squats ruin knees—later exposed as fraud ❌.
⚡ 1960’s | Squat as a Sport
Bodybuilding, weightlifting & powerlifting split, each developing unique squat styles.
👟 1970’s | Gear Science
Squat shoes, wraps & suits emerge; Tommy Kono & Boyd Epley prove heavy lifting is safe and powerful.
🎥 1980’s | Bodybuilding Boom
Pumping Iron brings lifting mainstream. Tom Platz (“Quadzilla”) redefines leg training; Nautilus machines spread squats & leg work to every gym.
📚 1990’s | Science Approves
NSCA, ACSM, and more endorse strength training and drop all anti-squat warnings 🚀.
📌 Major Lesson 1
There has never been one “perfect” squat.
Squats are just tools—mix it up: Front, Back, Zercher, Partial, Sissy, Hack, Hindu, Goblet, High bar, Machines, etc. 🏋️♂️
📌 Major Lesson 2
Science communication matters. Poor messaging held lifting back for decades—clear, honest outreach is as important as the science itself. 🧠📣
So why does it feel like so many "experts" disagree? It's often driven by differing perspectives on the outcome goal. Someone looking to maximize muscle growth will simply view things from a different "benefit" lens than someone looking to get the most strength or to use an exercise to increase general athleticism.
I really hope this helps!
Paper:
journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/ab…