One of the fruitful sources, as I hold it, of the errors which prevail in our country, is the theory that this is a Government of one people; that the Government of the United States was formed by a mass; and therefore is taken that all are responsible for the institutions and policies of each. The Government of the United States is a compact between the sovereign members who formed it; and if there be one feature common to all the colonies planted upon the shores of America, it was the steady assertion of, and uncompromising desire for, community independence. It was for this the Puritan, the Huguenot, the Catholic, the Quaker, the Protestant, left the land of their nativity, and, by the fires of European persecution, whose shadows pointed to an American refuge of civil and religious freedom. They did not, however, come here with the enlarged idea of no established religion. The Puritans drove out the Quakers; the Church of England men drove out the Catholics. Persecution reigned through the colonies, except, perhaps, that of the Catholic colony of Maryland; that rule was persecution for individual non-conformity. Therefore, I assert the common idea, and the only common idea, was community independence—the right of each independent people to do as they pleased in their domestic affairs.
-5/7/1860 (my senate speech)
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