In the late Roman Republic, a faction seized power through a legal procedure used as a weapon.
Sulpicius, a tribune of the plebs allied with the aging general Gaius Marius, pushed through a popular assembly a vote to strip Sulla of his command against Mithridates of Pontus. A command the Senate had already assigned to him was handed to Marius instead. The move was legal, but It also became a raw seizure of power dressed in republican attire.
And Sulla was not the man to sit with this conspiracy.
He marched his legions on Rome, the first Roman general to do so in the Romeโs history.
Marius and Sulpicius fled the city.
Sulla proceeded to restored order, repealed the offending legislation, and left for Greece to fight the war against Mithridates, who managed to take Greece already.
The moment he was gone, the other side struck back.
Cinna, as one of the consul, and the returning Marius retook Rome by force.
Appian describes in his Civil Wars that this seizure of Populares was a tyranny, rather than a liberation. Many senators were killed, property of nobles and aristocrats was seized or burned down, opponents of this coup were driven into exile or executed.
He expands by saying that Rome was treated as if conquered by foreign power:
โCinna and Mariusโฆ treated the city as if it had been captured by an enemy. There were ruthless and indiscriminate massacres of citizensโฆ Some were proscribed, others banished, property was confiscatedโฆโ
Populares later declared Sulla as the public enemy of Rome. Moreover, his houses were burned, and an army was dispatched to arrest him while he was in the middle of fighting Romeโs enemies in the East.
Today we will dive deeper into one of the darkest periods in Roman history, and see what we can learn from it about fighting the tyranny.
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