ALT A 3D schematic illustrates spin-orbit torque in layered materials. A “magnetic layer” sits above a “heavy metal layer.” Arrows show electric current flowing through the lower layer and generating a spin current that enters the magnetic layer, exerting torque on a magnetic moment (depicted as a compass needle). Colorful spiral shapes labeled with topological values (H = 1 and H = 2) represent different spin textures or states. Axes labeled x, y, and z indicate orientation.

ALT Two heatmap-style plots labeled (a) and (b) show intensity as a function of wavevector (k) on the horizontal axis and frequency (ω) on the vertical axis. Bright, wavy bands trace a dispersion-like curve across both panels, with additional vertical striping patterns. Panel (b) includes a color scale on the right indicating intensity levels, with brighter yellow-white regions marking stronger signals and darker green areas indicating weaker intensity.

ALT A series of 3D diagrams illustrates the process of packing cubes into a defined space. The top row shows a progression from a few scattered, multi-colored cubes in (a) to a partially filled container in (b), and finally a densely packed cube in (c) where small blue blocks fill the gaps between larger red, orange, and green ones.

ALT A black background graphic featuring the words “APS Open Science” in bold white text on the left. On the right, two circles stacked one above the other, each with multiple rings in gradients of purple, orange, blue, and green. Inside the rings, text reads “APS OPEN SCIENCE” in colors that match the rings.

ALT Abstract waves of colorful light in blue, purple, and orange tones flow across the top half of the image. Below, a black background features the text “PRX Intelligence” in bold white letters and the APS logo in the lower right corner.