CCC 677 is one of the most sobering and decisive paragraphs in the Catechism of the Catholic Church concerning the Church’s eschatological destiny, what awaits her.
Below is the full official text, followed by a concise theological unpacking of its key claims.
677 The Church will enter the glory of the kingdom only through this final Passover, when she will follow her Lord in his death and Resurrection. The kingdom will be fulfilled, then, not by a historic triumph of the Church through a progressive ascendancy, but only by God’s victory over the final unleashing of evil, which will cause his Bride to come down from heaven. God’s triumph over the revolt of evil will take the form of the Last Judgment after the final cosmic upheaval of this passing world.
What this means
1.“The Church will enter the glory of the kingdom only through this final Passover”
The Church does not reach her definitive glory through gradual moral improvement, political influence, cultural dominance, or historical success. She enters glory only by passing through a collective Paschal Mystery, a final participation in Christ’s own Passion, death, Resurrection, and glorification. As with Christ Himself, glory comes only by way of the Cross.
2.“When she will follow her Lord in his death and Resurrection”
The Church’s path mirrors that of Christ. There will be a period of profound suffering, persecution, and apparent defeat, even a seeming “death” of her public witness or of faith among many of her members. Resurrection and victory come only after this passage through trial.
3.“Not by a historic triumph of the Church through a progressive ascendancy”
The Catechism explicitly rejects optimistic historicism and every form of millenarian expectation that imagines the Church gradually perfecting the world or ushering in a prolonged era of earthly triumph before Christ’s return. The Kingdom is not fulfilled by the Church slowly taking over history.
4.“But only by God’s victory over the final unleashing of evil”
Evil will be permitted to reach an unprecedented intensity, the “final unleashing” associated with the great apostasy, the mystery of iniquity, and the supreme religious deception described in CCC 675–676. At this moment, when the Church appears nearly overcome, God intervenes decisively.
5.“Which will cause his Bride to come down from heaven”
This alludes to Revelation’s vision of the New Jerusalem. The glorified Church is not something constructed by human effort or political achievement. She is given from above, perfected by God Himself.
6.“God’s triumph…will take the form of the Last Judgment after the final cosmic upheaval of this passing world”
The culmination is the Second Coming of Christ, the universal resurrection, and the Last Judgment. The present world order passes away through a final cosmic upheaval, and only then do the new heavens and the new earth appear.
In short, CCC 677 leaves no room for illusions. The Church’s hope is not in historical success, but in fidelity through trial, confident that God’s victory comes not through human ascendancy, but through divine judgment and renewal.
“But taking Greenland is in our interests.” From the perspective of Catholic moral theology, that’s not at all a justification.
Russia said taking Crimea was in their interest.
Iraq said taking Kuwait was in their interest.
Japan said their ravaging of the Pacific was in their interest.
Germany said their aggression throughout Europe was in their interest.
Italy said their aggressive expansion in Africa and the Balkans was in their interest
USSR’s choosing to conquer rather than liberate Nazi-occupied countries was deemed in their interest.
The moral fact is that we rationalize most sins by convincing ourselves that they serve our interests, as if there is no higher law, as if our interest outweighs all else. Our adultery, our theft, our bearing false witness, our apostasy, our laziness, our betrayals, our murders - we think they will somehow better serve us. Yet these sins are never justified for the sake of our “interest.” We have always insisted as Catholics that an action with a corrupt intention is a sinful action. We have also insisted that even a good intention cannot justify an action if the means are corrupt. The ends do not justify the means. Our temporal interests do not outweigh the eternal.
If I live as if my own interests outweigh all, even basic morality, then I am a true egoist and have made an idol of myself.
If the national interest outweighs all, then my moral reasoning is no better than the rapacious despots of the last century - and I have made an idol of the nation.
If my devotion to the head of state outweighs all, then I am a mere henchman - and I have made an idol of the ruler.
Catholics have one King. And that King is Lord of all. Don’t live like an idolatrous usurper, forsaking your King for something lesser - and everything is lesser.