NASA has never served as OEM for any operational EVA spacesuit flown by the United States. Every suit used for spacewalking or lunar surface activity has been built by industry partners under government contract.
• Mercury (1961–1963): B.F. Goodrich adapted the Navy Mark IV high-altitude pressure suit.
• Gemini (1965–1966): David Clark Company delivered the G3C, G4C, and G5C variants.
• Apollo (1966–1972): ILC Industries (now ILC Dover) produced the Pressure Garment Assembly while Hamilton Standard (now Collins Aerospace) served as prime contractor for the Portable Life Support System.
• Skylab through today’s Shuttle/ISS program: ILC Dover has supplied the Space Suit Assembly, and Collins Aerospace has integrated the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) life-support systems.
The only time NASA attempted to lead in-house development of a new EVA-class suit was the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit, or xEMU. After roughly $420 million and more than a decade of effort, the agency never fielded a flight-ready suit. That experience is precisely why the xEVAS commercial services model now exists. The in-house approach was tried. It did not close.
This was never a failure of NASA engineering talent. A pressure garment is fundamentally a manufacturing challenge. It demands skilled engineers, patternmakers, sewing operators trained on specialized materials, and repeatable flex and abrasion testing.
NASA does not build its own rocket engines or avionics for the same reason: the agency owns requirements, integration, verification, and mission assurance. Manufacturing has always been, and should remain, the industry’s domain.
Some argue that a lunar surface suit has only one customer. The suit may, but its critical components do not. Thermal micrometeoroid garment laminates, restraint layers, gloves, and life-support hardware all serve broader markets in high-altitude aviation, tactical gear, submersibles, and future commercial LEO stations. A capable supplier does not need the Artemis program to sustain a business; it needs a diversified aerospace and defense portfolio in which the lunar suit is simply one high-visibility line item.
The real issue is not the procurement model. It is that the United States no longer possesses the textile manufacturing industrial base that delivered Apollo. The men and women who sewed the A7L suits have retired. The factories that trained them are gone. Rebuilding that specialized capacity cannot happen inside a government center. It happens on the factory floor.
That is the problem Anatar exists to solve. We are rebuilding American softgoods manufacturing from the ground up, starting with our Atlanta facility, by investing in the workforce, automation, and material science required for flight-ready hardware and softgoods.
if we're being real spacesuits-as-a-service has always been a dumbass concept tbh. like surely this is something NASA has the expertise to design and build in house. there is no other customer for a lunar eva suit, you cannot make that on its own a profitable business lol.