I just want to say that Amodei's fear of left-handed handed bacteria taking over the world is totally unfounded.
The human brain already uses D-serine, the mirror image of the normal amino acid. It's a key neuromodulator.
Bacterial cell walls already incorporate D- amino acids to resist proteases.
Peptide drugs already contain D-leucine for improved stability.
It's a clever trick that's useful sometimes. But all you need is an enzyme called racemase to flip everything back to it's normal mirror image. In the metabolic desert of the deep ocean, microbes absolutely do eat both forms of the amino acids. There is NO unexploited metabolic niche for mirror life to colonize.
Now nothing alive today uses mirror image nucleic acids. But if Claude ever did make such a bacterium, it would be the easiest target ever to drug. Just about every one of its essential proteins could be drugged with much less risk of off-target effects on regular life.
We have loads of very good antibiotics because it's easy to find drugs that specifically kill bacteria without killing human cells. We have very few chemotherapies that aren't highly toxic because it's very hard to find drugs that kill tumors without also killing healthy cells.
Mirror bacteria are dead on arrival, a lab curiosity at best. They've got a built in kill switch, all alien life is just chemistry at the end of the day, nothing to fear hombres
Thanks for the thought-provoking piece.
My main critique is that you are overemphasizing flashy but low probability events like “left-handed bacteria,” while merely giving lip service to the risk of extreme economic concentration of power, which is very real and materializing as we speak.
Anthropic is reportedly raising funds at a $350B valuation, and the wealth created thus far has been concentrated into a few hundred (perhaps more like dozens) high net worth individuals / institutions. It’s looking increasingly likely to me that none of the leading AI labs will IPO until they reach valuations in the trillions, at which point retail investors will finally be able to get shares. In order for retail to get a 100x return on these investments, which was achievable for Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, and Google, the valuations of the AI labs will need to reach hundreds of trillions of dollars, meaning it’s likely too late for a more equitable redistribution of wealth.
Simply put, you are currently exacerbating the problem. The consequences of this are that voters may take matters into their own hands and push for either or both 1) more aggressive / nonsensical forms of redistribution — the CA Founders’ Tax is just the beginning or 2) a drastic knee-capping of the AI industry in America, which make the CCP dominance scenario more likely.
The solution is to enable retail ownership now, increasing the number of Americans with economic exposure to Anthropic and other AI labs from hundreds of people to millions.