These men were the Senegalese TirailleursβAfrican soldiers recruited from across France's West African colonies, including present-day Senegal, Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Niger.
When Nazi Germany invaded France in 1940, they fought and died defending a country that was not their own.
Thousands served on the front lines, facing the same artillery, machine guns, and tanks as their white comrades.
Many were captured by the Nazis and endured years of imprisonment under brutal conditions.
But for many survivors, the greatest betrayal came not from Germany, but from the very nation they had fought to defend β France !
After the war, African veterans returned expecting the pay, pensions, and respect promised to them for their service.
Instead, they encountered discrimination, delayed wages, and unequal treatment.
On 1 December 1944, a group of demobilized Tirailleurs at the Thiaroye military camp near Dakar protested over unpaid salaries and benefits.
French colonial forces opened fire on them, killing 500 veterans. Historians are convinced that the true death toll was likely much higher than this.
They fought for France against fascism, survived Nazi captivity, and came home only to be met with bullets from the French colonial state.
It did not end there. In 1945, 34 of the Senegalese veterans, who were thought to be the instigators of the protest, were tried and given sentences of upto ten years.
They were later pardoned as French President Vincent Auriol visited Senegal in March 1947, but they were not exonerated, and their widows were never awarded the veteran pensions usually granted to widows of fallen soldiers.
The Thiaroye massacre is not taught in schools in France, and a Senegalese film about the massacre released in 1988, Camp de Thiaroye, was both banned in France and censored in Senegal.