Who Is the Leader of the Islamic World Now?
By:_ Phoenix Ashborn
Did Iran win the Cold War battle with Saudi Arabia over who is more religiously, and otherwise, the leader of the Islamic world and its anchoring voice?
Before all this started, when Imam Khomeini of Iran was becoming a prominent figure among Iranian revolutionaries, and after he succeeded in taking power in Iran, the country had, until 1979, been labeled “the police of the Middle East” and America’s best friend in the region. It now suddenly became a serious threat to Saudi Arabia’s traditional de facto status as the “leader of the Islamic world.”
This was not merely a jurisprudential dispute over an ordinary religious matter. It was about the whole Islamic doctrine, with Shia Islam on one side and Sunni Islam on the other.
The divide is even deeper than many might expect: the succession to the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, has been debated since his passing and remains unresolved to this day.
You might be surprised, but this doctrine war was started by Israel.
In a nutshell, to fill you in, in both the Shia and Sunni worlds, up until two major incidents, 1) the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, and 2) the Constitutional Revolution of the Ottoman Empire (Türkiye), the Sultan, Shah, or King was considered the legitimate “shadow of God on earth” and the “Commander of the Faithful.”
The constitutional revolutions, among many other things, were at their core an objection to this authority that had been bestowed upon the king by the clergymen. For the first time, the king was being stripped of the religious cloak, and this happened primarily at the hands of prominent opposition figures from among the clergy themselves.
However, after World War II, when the dust settled and realities began to manifest themselves, the holy lands of Quds were given to the Jews. This was not an ordinary matter. It was as if a minority claiming descent from pre-Christian Romans were to come back, conquer the Vatican by force, and declare themselves the Roman Pagan Empire, with expansionist agendas, on occupied Christian territory.
Such a great blow to the region, and to Islam, gave birth to what we now call “political Islam.” The Muslim Brotherhood was a direct response to the fall of the caliphate and the loss of the holy lands to a Zionist occupier with extreme apocalyptic ideological beliefs.
Fast forward, and two doctrines were established as a result:
A. The Resistance. First in the form of non-state actors such as the Muslim Brotherhood, and later through new state actors such as Iran, which picked up the banner of resistance. A revealing detail is that Ayatollah Khamenei translated some of Sayyid Qutb’s works from the original Arabic into Persian prior to the 1979 revolution, which helps show how the core idea was formed.
B. The doctrine of continuing the post-collapse order in West Asia. This includes the outcomes of dramatic regional changes such as the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the collapse of the caliphate in the Sunni world, Arab nationalism, Turkish nationalism, the Ba’ath movement, and so on, all of which produced different kinds of political outcomes.
Now, nevertheless, who do you think holds religious authority? The resistance, a mixture of Sunni and Shia forces, or the status quo states under Israeli hegemony?