BRITISH POLLING & PUBLIC OPINION While the government's immigration restrictions on immigration of 1962 were characterised as racist at the time, and often are still... the public wasn't so much against colour as against all immigration. Here we see in 1961 they also wanted to keep the Irish out, having also opposed postwar Poles remaining in Britain and long opposed the immigration if Eastern European Jews. #ImmigrationHistory #PublicOpinion

Further immigration fraud and tax fraud amongst the Sikhs. This happened amongst Pakistanis at the same time (I wonder if these Pakistanis were Punjabi). An investigation found that the majority of claims of dependents in Pakistan to reduce tax liabilities were fraudulent. What you have is a period of work permit fraud to get into the country to work as peddlers before WW2, giving way to forged passports after WW2, giving way to work voucher fraud and falsified familial relationships. The travel agents organising the fraud still exist today. This went on with West Indians too, as they familial relationships were poorly documented there too, but they were less organised and focused about it. What is missing from this description is the forgery of medical documentation as Britain tried to prevent them importing TB and smallpox.

The way Sikhs organise is through the patronage networks of local leaders connecting back to patronage networks in the Punjab, They are extremely fractious with new leaders trying to start rival organisations to get the patronage. When this goes too far and the infighting gets too bad, there seems to be a weird phonemenon where women are put in temporary charge of the otherwise patriachal organisations. This tendency to fragmentation means it is very hard for them to act as a wider political group, except on single uniting issues, like being allowed to carry daggers and swords.