If
we were to adopt in principle a law for tax penalties for social
damages, with an apparatus for making assessments under it, a very large proportion of current pollution and deterioration of the environment would be prevented.
There are tricky
problems of equity involved, particularly where old established
nuisances create a kind of "right by purchase" to perpetuate
themselves, but these are problems again which a few rather
arbitrary decisions can bring to some kind of solution.
The problems which I have been raising in this paper are of
larger scale and perhaps much harder to solve than the more
practical and immediate problems of the above paragraph.
Our
success in dealing with the larger problems, however, is not
unrelated to the development of skill in the solution of the
more immediate and perhaps less difficult problems. One can
hope, therefore, that as a succession of mounting crises,
especially in pollution, arouse public opinion and mobilize
support for the solution of the immediate problems, a learning
process will be set in motion which will eventually lead to an
appreciation of and perhaps solutions for the larger ones. My
neglect of the immediate problems, therefore, is in no way14
intended to deny their importance, for unless we at least make
a beginning on a process for solving the immediate problems we will not have much chance of solving the larger ones.
On the
other hand, it may also be true that a long-run vision, as it
were, of the deep crisis which faces mankind may predispose
people to taking more interest in the immediate problems and
to devote more effort for their solution. This may sound like a
rather modest optimism, but perhaps a modest optimism is
better than no optimism at all.
Kenneth Boulding, « The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth » In H. Jarrett (ed.) 1966. Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy, pp. 3-14. Baltimore, MD: Resources for the
Future/Johns Hopkins University Press.