Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) was a Swiss mathematician and one of the greatest scientists in history. He was born in Basel, Switzerland, and made important contributions to many areas of mathematics, including calculus, graph theory, and number theory. Euler introduced much of the modern mathematical notation used today, such as e for the base of natural logarithms and f(x) for functions. He also made significant discoveries in physics and engineering. He worked at major academies in Europe, including in Berlin and St. Petersburg, and published hundreds of papers and books. Euler is widely regarded as one of the founders of modern mathematics...