SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination, Immune Dysregulation, and Cancer
🚨A PREPRINT, with an IMPORTANT warning:
#Leonardi_effect→Cancer risk↑
SARS-CoV-2 infection creates a tumor-permissive immune landscape in long COVID, potentially elevating long-term cancer risk through persistent dysregulation.
➡️“SARS-CoV-2 is not a classical oncogenic virus: it lacks dedicated viral oncogenes, does not typically establish long-term persistence(one could debate this!), and differs fundamentally from canonical oncoviruses such as HPV, HBV, and EBV.”
➡️“Nevertheless, mounting evidence shows that the virus perturbs multiple cancer-relevant pathways, creating conditions that may promote tumor initiation or progression in susceptible tissues.”
➡️“Viral proteins can inhibit p53 and pRb, disrupt cell-cycle control, and rewire MAPK, NF-κB, JAK–STAT, RAAS, metabolic, and autophagy pathways, touching several hallmarks of cancer. COVID-19 and long-COVID states are characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, and fibrosis, particularly in the lung and gastrointestinal tract, all of which are recognized carcinogenic environments.”
➡️“Infection also induces immune exhaustion and impaired surveillance, including lymphopenia, dysfunctional CD8 and NK cells, and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, weakening antitumor immunity.”
➡️“Persistent viral RNA or low-level infection, hypothesized in some individuals, may further sustain inflammatory and oncogenic signalling.”
➡️“While current evidence does not support SARSCoV-2 as a direct oncovirus, the convergence of chronic inflammation, immune exhaustion, tissue injury, and possible persistence justifies long-term vigilance.”
➡️“SARS-CoV-2 vaccination limits severe disease and persistent immune activation, thereby potentially mitigating long-term tumor-permissive immune states(=LC, but only limitedly) without evidence of oncogenic risk."( =No cancer-promoting effects from the vaccines)
➡️“Reviews consistently call for robust epidemiologic follow-up, mechanistic studies of persistent infection, and integrated biomarker strategies to monitor cancer risk in COVID-19 survivors.”
‼️So, persistent SARS-CoV-2-induced immune dysregulation in long COVID establishes a tumor-permissive microenvironment, potentially heightening long-term carcinogenesis risk through mechanisms paralleling established oncogenic pathways.
🔥Don't agree with everything, but this remains another stark call for CAUTION with Sars2(LC)!!
#AVOIDREINFECTIONS #AVOIDSARS2
preprints.org/manuscript/202…