Rear Adm. Rommel Ong mentioned the Cod Wars in our latest podcast episode, which made us read and learn more about its relevance to the
#WestPhilippineSea disputes.
From Cod Wars to West Philippine Sea: Lessons in Maritime Strategy
The Cod Wars between Iceland and the UK offer a historical lesson in how smaller nations can assert maritime rights against larger powers.
It was a series of confrontations between Iceland and the United Kingdom, spanning from the 1950s to the 1970s, over fishing rights in the North Atlantic.
Each Cod War ended with Iceland successfully asserting its rights over a larger maritime area. By 1976, the UK recognized Iceland's 200-mile EEZ, marking Iceland's victory in securing its fishing grounds. This series of events not only established Iceland's maritime boundaries but also set precedents in international law regarding Exclusive Economic Zones.
Here's how Iceland's strategy could inform the ongoing disputes in the West Philippine Sea:
- Iceland's Approach:
- Coast Guard Over Navy: Iceland, lacking a traditional military, used its Coast Guard effectively, showing that defense doesn't always require a large navy.
- Technological Innovation: Introducing trawl wire cutters neutralized British trawlers, demonstrating the power of innovation in leveling the playing field.
- NATO Leverage: By threatening to leave NATO or close US bases, Iceland forced concessions, highlighting the importance of strategic alliances.
- Relevance to West Philippine Sea:
- Legal and Diplomatic Strategy: Like Iceland, the Philippines can leverage international law, particularly the 2016 arbitration ruling, and strengthen alliances to assert its rights.
- Public and International Pressure: Iceland's national unity and diplomatic efforts were key. The Philippines could similarly mobilize international support through forums and public opinion.
- Innovation and Asymmetry: While not directly applicable, the spirit of Iceland's innovation suggests the Philippines might explore new technologies or strategies in surveillance, environmental protection, or legal challenges.
The Cod Wars remind us that in maritime disputes, creativity, law, and alliances can be as powerful as military force. In the case of the West Philippine Sea, this suggests that a strategy focused on legal assertiveness, strategic partnerships, and innovative tactics could lead to a resolution that respects maritime sovereignty.
One of the key challenges, however, is that China's communist governance adds additional layers of complexity to the situation.
#CodWars #WestPhilippineSea #MaritimeStrategy #WPS