Sanjeev Sanyal is 100% right. Nations that forget the lessons of their maritime past will decline. India grasped this and is actively reclaiming what was lost across four wasted decades of socialist ideology from 1948 to the 1990s.
Britain built one of history's greatest maritime trading civilisations, from the 1270s through to the early 20th century. I have spent three volumes documenting how that civilisation was constructed, the wealth it generated, and the forces that dismantled it.
Two causes above all others. First: a civil service modelled, extraordinarily, on China's imperial mandarins, classically trained, commercially illiterate, constitutionally averse to trade and industry. Second: the post-1945 socialist creed that Whitehall knew best, which multiplied bureaucracy twenty-fold, strangled entrepreneurship and systematically drove wealth-creators out.
India ditched the latter. Britain's current government is doubling down on both. Its energy policy is an incoherent, self-defeating shambles. Its immigration policy is unsustainable by any demographic measure. Its tax code runs to 23,000 pages; Hong Kong's runs to 300. In 2024, the Ministry of Defence had more civil servants than trained RAF and Navy personnel combined.
This is what national decline looks like. Sanyal is right to highlight maritime trade.