UKRAINIAN CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE BLACK SEA FLEET - THE DRONE BOATS: A GARAGE-BUILT NAVY
Hi, this week I wanted to write about the Ukrainian campaign against the Russian Black Sea Fleet. I’ve divided it into six posts. I’ll be posting them daily around 4 p.m. I hope you enjoy reading them. This is the fourth post on this topic.
The weapon that reshaped the Black Sea more than any other isn't a ship or a famous missile. It's the uncrewed surface vessel - the explosive-laden drone boat. Small, cheap, and uncrewed, these craft did what Ukraine's nonexistent navy never could.
The basic design is very simple: a small hull, often fiberglass, fitted with a camera, satellite communications, and a warhead in the bow. The Royal United Services Institute described them as "generally the type of craft which can be built in a garage or small industrial unit." The key enabler has been high-capacity two-way satellite links like Starlink and Kymeta, which let an operator hundreds of kilometers away steer the boat onto its target in real time, watching through the onboard camera.
Ukraine runs two parallel drone-boat programs, which is a useful detail for following the war. Military intelligence (GUR) operates the Magura family. The security service (SBU) operates the Sea Baby. They're separate efforts, and they've each racked up kills.
According to specifications compiled by naval analyst H.I. Sutton at Covert Shores, the Magura V5 is about 5.5 meters long, carries a 320 kg payload, and has a range of roughly 450 nautical miles (around 833 km). That's the boat that sank the corvette Ivanovets, the landing ship Tsezar Kunikov, and the patrol ship Sergey Kotov - three significant kills from one platform.
The SBU's Sea Baby is a bit bigger: around 6 meters, range near 540 nautical miles, payload up to 850 kg, and it can carry unguided 122mm rockets on top of its main charge. SBU chief Vasyl Maliuk confirmed to CNN and The War Zone that the Sea Baby was used in the July 17, 2023 strike on the Kerch Bridge, as well as against the Olenegorsky Gornyak landing ship and the Sig tanker. Maliuk stressed the drones were developed and built entirely inside Ukraine, at a clandestine facility, without Western involvement.
Two qualities make these boats strategically potent: range and expendability. The strike on the Olenegorsky Gornyak happened at Novorossiysk, roughly 420 miles from the nearest Ukrainian-held shore - proof that no Russian port in the Black Sea was beyond reach. And because the boats are uncrewed and cheap, Ukraine can lose dozens of them in one operation and still come out ahead if a single one finds a target. No crewed navy can absorb losses like that.
The drone boats haven't stood still either. Newer Magura variants - the V7 and W6 - have been fitted with an improvised air-defense system called "Sea Dragon," carrying R-73 or AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles. Ukraine has used these to shoot down Russian helicopters and reportedly a Su-30 fighter, firing surface-to-air missiles from a boat. That's a striking evolution: a suicide drone that can now also defend itself and hunt aircraft.
Other systems keep appearing in the open-source record. The SBU's larger Mamai. The Toloka family of underwater loitering torpedoes. The longer-range Katran, designed to ferry first-person-view strike drones close to a target. What started as a single-purpose suicide boat is turning into a family of multi-role uncrewed combatants.
RUSI's conclusion is hard to argue with: Ukraine's success against the fleet "could only have been achieved using uncrewed vessels." Crewed boats sent on these missions, far from home and into defended waters, wouldn't have survived. The fact that nobody's aboard is the whole point - it's what makes the math work.
The video shows the sinking of the Ivanovets corvette
See the rest of the posts about Ukrainian attacks on the Black Sea Fleet in the comments.
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