Large internal combustion engines (ICE) will be needed in flexible power plants and marine applications. In order for large diesel engines to be environmentally sustainable both on land and at sea, it is necessary to find bio- and waste-based alternatives to fossil fuels. Three types of bio-oils were identified and evaluated in a three-year national BioFlex project coordinated by VTT: fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO), biomass catalytic fast pyrolysis bio-oil (CFP), and hydrotreated FPBO.o
#FastPyrolysis bio-oil upgraded by hydroprocessing is a promising product for large diesel engines. However, there are challenges using fixed-bed hydroprocessing and new technologies such as slurry hydroprocessing are needed to secure commercialization.
The BioFlex project generated new information on the properties for upgraded FPBO reflecting its usability as a marine fuel and needs for further improvements. Further adjustments are needed, for example, regarding the distillation range, flash point, cetane number, density, viscosity, acid number, carbon residue and water-soluble phenolic compounds to meet marine fuel requirements defined in ISO 8217. The upgraded bio-oil is a potential low-carbon fuel to be used in IC engines to provide flexible power in an energy system dominated by variable renewable energy. Based on the results the focus on upgrading at VTT will be slurry hydroprocessing.
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