ALT Experiments for isolating the roles of landscape-scale habitat loss & fragmentation & patch size on populations. (a) Experiments altered the amount/distribution of prickly pear cactus; response was occurrence of 4 specialist herbivores. (b) Experiment 1: patches were removed in random/aggregated pattern. (c) Experiment 2: patches were removed with low/high loss; fragmentation treatments altered the number of patches