On the sidelines of the 5th Annual Southern Africa Oil and Gas Conference in Cape Town, we concluded our workshop yesterday with one clear message: community voices must be heard and must count for the inevitable energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy systems to be just.
This discussion was deepened during Session 8 on Day 2 — “Policy Architecture in SADC: Is there a just transition pathway?” — which critically examined whether current policymaking is enabling a just transition or locking the region into fossil fuel dependency. Insights were shared by Martha Nangolo (Institute for Public Policy Research), Angela Khanali Mutsotso (Global Gas and Oil Network), and Delme Cupido (Natural Justice).
Offshore oil and gas — the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons beneath the seabed — is expanding rapidly across the region. From Angola’s ultra-deepwater deals with global companies, to developments in Mozambique’s Cabo Delgado, South Africa’s Operation Phakisa-driven licensing surge, Namibia’s Orange Basin discoveries, and exploration off Muanda in the DRC — the momentum is undeniable.
But so too are the risks. Delme Cupido of Natural Justice noted that Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is increasingly recognised as misaligned with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C goal — with high emissions, serious dependence, and carbon lock-in risks that could delay Africa’s transition to renewables, while also exposing countries to the very real threat of stranded assets when the transition happens. Methane — a major component of natural gas — is 86 times more potent than CO₂ over 20 years and significantly worsens climate change, public health, and agricultural outcomes.
While the African Union’s Just Energy Transition framework, crafted by the African Energy Council, promotes gas expansion, these concerns cannot be ignored.
As one participant powerfully noted:
"While we are not historically responsible for global emissions, we cannot run away from our responsibility to secure a clean and just future, for the sake of our children and Mother Earth. We have already gone beyond planetary boundaries."
Frontline and coastal communities — whose livelihoods depend on marine ecosystems, including cultural practices — are already feeling the weight of climate anxiety through depleted fisheries, pollution, and the burdens of extreme weather such as floods and droughts. Aggressive expansion of offshore oil and gas projects only exacerbates this precarious livelihood and environmental situation.
The discussions recommended that legislators and other responsible authorities must have the vision to champion a just transition pathway — one that strengthens regulation, centres community voices, avoids carbon lock-in, and accelerates investment in renewable energy for a resilient and equitable future.
More insights and solutions to follow.
Image 1 (From Left to Right):
• Martha Nangolo, Research Associate, Institute for Public Policy Research, Namibia
• Angela Khanali Mutsotso, Energy and Natural Resources Lawyer,
#GlobalGasAndOilNetwork
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@delme_cupido, Senior Programme Officer, Defending Rights, Southern Africa,
@naturaljustice
@Greenpeace @Greenpeaceafric @AmnestySAfrica @greenconnection @PamojaCMA @ThuliMakama @Enzi_Ijayo @ckiangu
#JustEnergyTransition #ClimateAction #Africa #Renewables #EnergyJustice