Mansa Musa Keita - The Wealthiest Person in the History of the World ...
We so often equate continent of Africa with poverty that it’s important to remember before its mineral wealth and resources were in large part extracted by European colonial powers, there existed fabulously wealthy empires that rose, traded, and fell as every other world empire has.
Research has revealed that richest person of all time lived in West Africa and went by many names, including Kankan Musa Keita, Emir of Melle, Lord of Mines of Wangara, Conqueror of Ghanata and Lion of Mali II, but today he is usually referred to as Mansa Musa.
Mansa Musa (Musa I of Mali) was ruler of Kingdom of Mali from 1312-1337 CE. He was a devout Muslim, a lover of architecture and scholarship and well known in medieval African history for making a remarkable pilgrimage to Mecca or Hajj. By metric of any western ‘civilization’ he was wildly successful as a ruler; he expanded borders of his land, established centers of learning such as at Timbuktu and had built important and long lasting construction projects. During his reign, Mali was one of richest kingdoms of Africa, and Mansa Musa was among richest individuals in the world. Kingdom of Mali spread across parts of modern-day Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Mauritania and Burkina Faso. Mansa Musa developed cities like Timbuktu and Gao into important cultural centers. He also brought architects from Middle East and across Africa to design new buildings for his cities. Mansa Musa turned Mali into a sophisticated center of learning in Islamic world.
Mansa Musa came to power in 1312 CE, after King, Abu Bakr II, disappeared at sea. Mansa Abu Bakr II had departed on a large fleet of ships to explore Atlantic Ocean and never returned. Mansa Musa inherited a kingdom that was already wealthy, but his work in expanding trade made Mali wealthiest kingdom in Africa. His riches came from mining significant salt and gold deposits in Mali kingdom. Elephant ivory was another major source of wealth.
Adjusting his wealth to modern values, he was worth about an estimated $400 billion as Sultan of Mali, which controlled trade routes across Sahara Desert. Mali empire was a central to several key trading routes in the world, and with support of well trained army, Mali became a strong and powerful empire. When Mansa Musa went on a pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca in 1324 CE, his journey through Egypt caused quite a stir. Kingdom of Mali was relatively unknown outside of West Africa until this event. Arab writers from time said that he travelled with an entourage of tens of thousands of people and dozens of camels, each carrying 136kg of gold. While in Cairo, Mansa Musa met with Sultan of Egypt and his caravan spent and gave away so much gold that overall value of gold decreased in Egypt for next 12 years. Stories of his fabulous wealth even reached Europe. Catalan Atlas, created in 1375 CE by Spanish cartographers, shows West Africa dominated by a depiction of Mansa Musa sitting on a throne, holding a nugget of gold in one hand and a golden staff in other. After publication of this atlas, Mansa Musa became cemented in global imagination as a figure of stupendous wealth.
📷 : a detail from Catalan Atlas, a famous 1375 medieval map, showing Mansa Musa, seated on a throne, wearing a golden crown, holding a scepter, and displaying a gold coin.
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