19 Sep 2023
Are you ready to pay attention to influenza yet?@RandPaul @RobertKennedyJr @SenRonJohnson
In reviewing the article on Ralph Baric and Yoshi Kawaoka featured by MIT, I realized I missed something. They were conducting gain of function with Spanish Influenza in the USA as well as the Netherlands.
This led me to an article titled: A possible European origin of the Spanish influenza and the first attempts to reduce mortality to combat superinfecting bacteria: an opinion from a virologist and a military historian. Pages 2009-2012 | Received 21 Jan 2019, Accepted 09 Apr 2019, Published online: 23 May 2019
In modern times, the ingenuity of immunologists and molecular biologists has been applied to the design of so-called ‘universal influenza vaccines’.
There is the hope of a broader-based immune response, even covering new pandemic viruses.
Many of these new vaccines are composed of peptides of the influenza hemagglutinin, particularly from the stalk region, which is antigenically related between the HA subtypes.
Other researchers have made experimental vaccines, using the internal influenza virus proteins M, NP, and polymerase PA, PB1, PB2, and also M2e.
An underlying research strategy is to formulate novel vaccines to increase the magnitude of CD8 and CD4 T-cell memory to influenza proteins.
**Two such vaccines have reached clinical testing in the community in the European Union.**
@I_Am_JohnCullen @Leeshotfury1966
Impagliazzo A, Milder F, Kuipers H, Wagner MV, Zhu X, Hoffman RM, van Meersbergen R, Huizingh J, Wanningen P, Verspuij J, et al. A stable trimeric influenza hemagglutinin stem as a broadly protective immunogen. ScienceExpress. 2015; 349: 1301–06.
Fiers W, De Filette M, Birkett A, Neirynck S, Min Jou W. A ‘universal’ human influenza A vaccine. Virus Res. 2004;103:173–76.
Oxford J, Gill D. Unanswered questions about the 1918 influenza pandemic: origin, pathology, and the virus itself. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 June 20;18:e348–e354.
Yassine HM, Boyington JC, McTamney PM, Wei CJ, Kanekiyo M, Kong WP, Gallagher JR, Wang L, Zhang Y, Joyce MG, et al. Hemagglutinin-stem nanoparticles generate heterosubtypic influenza protection. Nat Med. 2015 August;1–6.
Krammer F, Palese P, Steel J. Advances in universal virus vaccine design and antibody mediated therapies based on conserved regions of the hemagglutinin. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2015;386:301–21. doi:10.1007/82_2014_408.
Ortiz JR, Hickling J, Jones R, Donabedian A, Engelhardt OG, Katz JM, Madhi SA, Neuzil KM, Rimmelzwaan GF, Southern J, et al. Report on eighth WHO meeting on developments of influenza vaccines that induce broadly protective and long-lasting immune responses: chicago, 23-24 August 2016. Vaccine. 2018;36:932–38. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.
tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.…
7 Sep 2023
I believe I might have found it @I_Am_JohnCullen
Vaccines from the Spanish Influenza as a firm foundation for new developments (September 1, 2020)
Reexamination of pathology samples from the Spanish Influenza Pandemic showed quite clearly the contribution of pneumococci and streptococci to the mortality of over fifty million people in 1918-1919. The microbe causing this Pandemic was isolated in 1933, and was shown to be a true virus; this finding initiated a huge expanse and interest in influenza virus vaccines, both killed and live. A chance discovery allowed the purification of Influenza M and NP proteins then permitted the production of experimental vaccines. These vaccines were formulated to induce and B and/or T cell responses to the internal proteins. Several of these Universal Influenza Vaccines have been tested in quarantine, and have now reached Phase III trials in the community.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article…
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16 Feb 2023
Inspiring young minds in outreach activity through @PRLAhmedabad at MahaFest,Pune
#Scienceexpress
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26 Aug 2022
Training workshops, #NationalScienceDay, #KalingaAwards, #sciencePopularizationAwards, #ScienceExpress, @AwsarDST and @IndiaScienceTV are a few milestones of NCSTC in science popularization and disseminating S&T information in the society.
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19 Oct 2020
Initiated by @IndiaDST & @moefcc #ScienceExpress that travelled across #India was a great idea to reach out to mass on #environment, #biodiversity and #ClimateAction; Last one (2015-2017) was #ClimateChange special; could’ve been used for mass awareness on #COVID19
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1 Aug 2019
Day 65 of what a Teacher Does during Summer Break! I’m at purdue_university working@on the #energy project for the #ScienceExpress and have a new cut to show for my work! My legs are starting to look like that of a… instagram.com/p/B0oHnN4g9cd/…
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11 Apr 2019
S's research radioactivity & design a containment device, then test its effectiveness. @PurdueScience @PurdueChemistry @HSESchools #ScienceExpress #STEM #design #materials
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15 Aug 2018
#ScienceExpress is full STEAM ahead at @maasmuseum ! Can’t wait to hear from so many super scicommers #scienceweek #SSF18 @SydScienceFest @Aus_ScienceWeek
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15 Aug 2018
About to kick off a night of #scicomm @maasmuseum 🗣 #bees and #whales 🐝❤️🐳 #ScienceExpress ‘the art of #STEAM storytelling’ with the wonderful @nural_c 🐝 #photobooth #whalesnot #scicomm @Aus_ScienceWeek @RiAus @auBritish #famelab #famelabaus #womeninSTEM @SydScienceFest
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15 Aug 2018
Here we are team ScienceExpress #SSF18 @VanessaPirotta @TobyHendy @Muthu3DPrinting @ARGUS_oz @FungiDownUnder @nural_c @UNSWScience @DrCarnivorous @SydScienceFest
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15 Aug 2018
#photobooth @maasmuseum 📷 ready for a night of #scicomm @ #scienceexpress !!!! @Aus_ScienceWeek @asthasingh @DrCarnivorous @ASCNSW @Muthu3DPrinting @TobyHendy @alfballestas #sydscifest #SSF18 #scicomm
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15 Aug 2018
#ScienceExpress #SSF18 @DrCarnivorous and I are here for a night of #scicomm 🗣🗣👥👥🤝🤝👋👋👍👍@Aus_ScienceWeek @ASCNSW @asthasingh
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14 Aug 2018
#ScienceExpress tonight at the @maasmuseum part of @SydScienceFest and @Aus_ScienceWeek 👩🔬👨🔬🗣🗣👥👥👀👀🧠🧠👏👏🤝🤝👋👋👍
14 Aug 2018
Meet the fab
@alfballestas @Sydney_Science, Angela Crean @Sydney_Science , @FungiDownUnder @westernsydneyu , @nural_c @UTS_Science , @TobyHendy @scienceANU , @Muthu3DPrinting @Monash_Science , @DrCarnivorous @sst_une , @VanessaPirotta @MQSciEng , Isabelle Kingsley @UNSWScience
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5 Aug 2018
Thanks @astroduff for sharing! #scienceexpress is going to be an amazing event! 🌈😍🤓👇👇👇
4 Aug 2018
Hey Sydney #scicomm’ers make sure to get your #ScienceWeek ticket for ‘scicomm secrets’ - ft epic @FameLab winners like @VanessaPirotta sharing their tips inspiringnsw.org.au/2018/08/…
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28 Jul 2018
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5 Sep 2017
Science express will available up to 8 sept at Khodiyar station.more than 4000 Visiters saw the train @WesternRly @ScienceExpress
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26 Aug 2017
ગુજરાતના ભુજમાં પહોંચેલી સાયન્સ એક્ષ્પ્રેસની પ્રથમ દિવસે 17000 લોકોએ મુલાકાત લીધી. #ScienceExpress. #IamGujarat
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24 Aug 2017
Science express is available At Bhuj Station from 25-27 August for All Visiters .
Entry will be Free @ScienceExpress @WesternRly
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23 Aug 2017
67 Schools & 15735 Persons visit Science express Exibition at Deesa Station on Ahmedabad Division on 2nd day @WesternRly @ScienceExpress
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22 Aug 2017
गुजरात के डीसा में आज से साइंस express प्रदर्शनी ट्रेन . 39 स्कूल के 11600 बच्चों ने देखी प्रदर्शनी @WesternRly @ScienceExpress
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