US REGIME CHANGE OPERATIONS
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#Grenada (1983) —-
From 1979 onwards, the
#Caribbean state of Grenada increasingly aligned its politics with those of the Soviet Union.
When incumbent Prime Minister Maurice Bishop sought to appease the US, he was deposed and assassinated by military units.
Against this backdrop, then-US President Ronald Reagan, supported by several Caribbean states, launched an invasion.
However, this happened against strong opposition from the British government, which viewed the Commonwealth member as under the UK's sphere of influence. After the withdrawal of US troops, a
#British governor oversaw transition and elections in 1984.
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#Guatemala —
In 1954, elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz Guzman was toppled by local fighter groups backed by the CIA under US President Dwight Eisenhower.
Arbenz had sought to nationalise a company, stoking fears within the US of more socialist policies in Guatemala.
Under the CIA’s Operation PBSuccess, the agency trained fighters led by military officer Carlos Castillo Armas, who took power after the coup.
A civil war raged in Guatemala from 1960 to 1996 between the Guatemalan government and military on one side, and leftist rebel groups on the other
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#Cuba ( 1960) —
In 1959,
#Cuban communist leader Fidel Castro came to power after overthrowing dictator Fulgencio Batista.
Under
#Eisenhower, the CIA devised a plan to train Cuban exiles to invade the country and overthrow Castro.
US President John F Kennedy, a Democrat who won the 1960 election, was briefed about the plan during his inauguration.
Castro found out about the training camps through Cuban intelligence.
In 1961, Kennedy signed off on the Bay of Pigs Invasion, a plan for the Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro.
However, the invasion failed when the Cuban military overwhelmed them.
📌 Brazil ( 1960 ) —
In 1961, Joao Goulart came to office as president of Brazil, with a mandate to pursue social and economic reforms.
He maintained good relations with socialist countries such as Cuba and nationalised a subsidiary of the US-owned International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT).
In response, the CIA funded pro-US politicians and supported anti-communist groups.
This undermined Goulart’s leadership, culminating in a military coup in 1964, which established a US-friendly dictatorship that would last until 1985.
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#Ecuador —
After going through 27 presidents between 1925 and 1947, Ecuador witnessed a rare period of stability in the 1950s.
It was not to last. By the early 1960s, the US was worried about the pro-Cuba policies of President Jose Velasco Ibarra and his Vice President Carlos Julio Arosemena, who advocated for closer relations with Soviet bloc nations.
The CIA, using US labour organisations as its conduits, financed the spread of anti-communist sentiment in the country
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