US REGIME CHANGE OPERATIONS
🚨 During the Cold War alone (1947-1989), the US made 72 attempts to change the balance of power abroad in its favor, according to a study from 2019. 64 of these cases were covert operations by the secret services, with a success rate of around 40%.
Some of the most well-documented CIA-sponsored regime change operations include:—
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#Iran (1953): Code-named Operation Ajax, the CIA and British intelligence orchestrated a coup d'état to overthrow Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh, consolidating the power of the pro-Western Shah.
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#Guatemala (1954): Code-named Operation PBSuccess, the CIA overthrew the democratically elected President Jacobo Árbenz, largely to protect the commercial interests of the American-owned United Fruit Company.
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#Chile (1973): Following a period of covert destabilization and economic pressure, the CIA supported a military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet, which overthrew socialist President Salvador Allende.
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#Indonesia (1965): The CIA provided covert support, weapons, and funding to anti-communist factions, ultimately aiding in the ousting of President Sukarno
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#Panama (1989)—
Panama was ruled by dictator Manuel Noriega in the 1980s. After years on the CIA payroll, he became a liability for the US government. Under his rule, Panama was a hub for drug traffickers, and the US feared it would be sidelined in the planned expansion of the Panama Canal.
In May 1989, opposition politician Guillermo Endara won the presidential election, but Noriega refused to recognize the result.
The situation escalated throughout 1989 until then-US President George H. W. Bush ordered the military operation "Just Cause" to remove Noriega from power in December.
On December 20, Endara was sworn in as president and two weeks later, Noriega surrendered.
He subsequently served various prison sentences in the US,
#France and Panama and died in 2017.
The cost of the military operation was later reported to be $331 million (€285m)
Academic studies and historical analysis show that CIA-sponsored regime changes often resulted in long-term declines in democracy, rule of law, and civil liberties in the targeted countries.
Historically, these interventions did not consistently yield sustainable economic growth or democratic stability
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