My colleagues and I just published a new report on U.S.-China AI competition, taking a holistic view of AI leadership. We argue that the competition is about more than who has the best models and chips. It's a contest of energy, data, talent, capital, industrial capacity, diffusion, and national resilience.
The U.S. remains ahead in frontier model development and advanced compute deployment, but China's deep bench of AI engineers, low-cost models, control over critical nodes in the hardware supply chain, vast energy infrastructure, and aggressive push to diffuse AI make it a formidable competitor.