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Open vs. Sealed: Auction Format Choice for Maximal Extractable Value
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ethresear.ch/t/24454
Highlights:
- MEV extracted values are extremely concentrated in a heavy right tail: the top 1% of transactions produce 68% of total revenue (Gini โ 0.933), so auction design for high-value events dominates overall revenue outcomes.
- Competition intensity differs widely by MEV type (using bribe % as a proxy): sandwiches are near-perfectly competitive (~95% bribe), while naked arbitrage and liquidations leave much more surplus with searchers (~67โ68%), implying different effective bidder counts across categories.
- Revenue equivalence breaks under affiliated (correlated) valuations; modeling affiliation via a Gaussian common factor yields the linkage-principle ranking: English and second-price sealed-bid (SPSB) generate strictly higher expected revenue than first-price sealed-bid (FPSB) and Dutch for all tested (n, ฯ) cells with ฯ > 0.
- Quantitatively, at moderate affiliation (ฯ = 0.5) English/SPSB out-earn FPSB/Dutch by about 14โ28% (largest for small n, up to ~30% when n is small), translating to an estimated $10โ18M of foregone revenue over the sample period when applied to observed bribe totals.
- All-pay auctions are a poor choice in MEV settings once affiliation is considered: FPSB revenues exceed all-pay by roughly 40โ120%; additionally, at large n and high ฯ, expected revenue can become non-monotonic in ฯ (peaking then declining) because near-perfect correlation collapses the order-statistic spread that drives competitive payments.
ELI5:
Ethereum has โMEV opportunitiesโ (like small profit chances from ordering transactions) that builders sell to searchers using auctions. This paper asks: which kind of auction makes builders earn the most money? The key idea is that searchersโ values are often related (if itโs valuable to one bot, itโs probably valuable to others too). When values are related, open/truth-revealing auctions (like an English auction or a second-price auction) usually make the seller more money than sealed/strategic-shading auctions (like first-price or Dutch). The authors also show MEV money is extremely lopsided: a tiny fraction of transactions produce most of the revenue, so choosing the best auction for those rare big ones matters a lot.