Today we remember the March deportations.
On 25 March 1949, the Soviet Union resumed its mass deportations in the Baltic states, mostly targeting women & children. Even babies, pregnant women, and separated children were snatched in the night, packed into cattle wagons, and dispersed across remote parts of Russia in labour camps where they faced hunger, cold, and brutality. Many died on the way or shortly after arrival. Some were even settled in nuclear testing fallout zones.
The first wave of mass deportations took place in 1941 after the Soviet Union - in collusion with the Nazis - had first invaded & illegally annexed the Baltic states. The main aim then was state decapitation.
This second wave was much broader, named Operation Priboi (Breaker’). It was mostly targeted at rural communities, ultimately aimed at breaking society and national identity, while providing more hard labour inside Russia.
Around a quarter of the population fell into the Soviet category of ‘undesirables’. However, the snatching was chaotic. Many families were taken randomly just to fill quotas when the listed family couldn’t be found. Some were taken for just having similar names to those listed. Some local collaborators just wanted to settle scores.
Deportations also continued regularly outside of these mass waves.
It’s estimated that about 200,000 were deported just from the occupied Baltic states & a further 6 million forcibly transferred in total by the Soviet Union, mostly based on ethnicity (either by removing entire ethnic groups or targeting ‘undesirables’ specifically within ethnic groups).
Even the Soviet Union eventually denounced its own mass deportations. They were described as “monstrous acts” by Khrushchev & “terrible felonies” by the Supreme Soviet in 1989.
I’m not gonna do the usual screenshotting of bad takes here. The bigger problem is how little the world has learnt about it at all to even have any takes. That’s how history repeats, as we see in the mass deportations that Moscow has resumed in Ukraine today. It’s one part of Russia’s genocidal war that the world finds difficult to comprehend. Some media reports even repeat the nonsense characterisation of it as ‘evacuations’. But mass deportations are key to understanding how Russia intends to consume captured territory. It’s delusional to think you can achieve any peace by giving up on lands and lives already stolen. Every inch of territory consumed only emboldens it to consume more.
But hope remains. The Soviets quietly praised themselves for carrying out the mass deportations in the Baltics. But, many historians argue these crimes were also a major political mistake. They deepened opposition to occupation. The topic was heavily censored but people never forgot. That anger eventually spilled out into the open during the Singing Revolution in the Baltics, leading to the restoration of the modern, independent, vibrant, fully restored states we live in here today.
In the Baltics today, candles will be lit, names of victims will be read out, and displays will fill public squares. Unfortunately, we are no longer just remembering history but all those in Ukraine facing it today.
Join us - in any way you can - to remember the mass deportations and help consign this brutality back into history.