I ask students to prepare for text-based discussions by coming to class with 1) a new understanding, 2) a quote from the text that resonated or needs unpacking, and 3) a question that will help us wrestle with the meaning of the text and/or the implications of the text. It works.
Cautionary tale about "nobody did the reading." I once sat in on a grad stats class taught by a very senior prof. I knew from students before class they'd done the reading but found it challenging, had lots of doubts and questions. Very unsure where to start. 1/2