The Schmidt Pain Index was the result of Dr. Justin Schmidt's remarkable endeavor where he willingly experienced the stings or bites of 78 different species of Hymenoptera, including bees, wasps, and ants, in an effort to quantify the pain intensity. Dr. Schmidt, an entomologist from Arizona, was driven by curiosity to understand the effects of these insect stings.
In 1983, he introduced the Schmidt Sting Pain Index, which rates the painfulness of various stingers on a scale from "0" (mild) to "4" (severe). For context, the common honey bee or wasp sting is rated as a "2" on this scale. However, the index goes beyond numerical ratings. Dr. Schmidt also provides qualitative descriptions of the pain and its duration in his assessments. The purpose of this index is to allow for scientific comparisons of the pain caused by stings from different species, using a four-point scale that simplifies the distinction between pain levels.