Germany currently has about 26 GWh of battery storage. Most of it sits in home batteries, with only 4.3 GWh actually serving the grid.
Building that storage has already cost more than €10 billion. And at national demand levels, it only covers roughly 30 minutes of summer electricity usage.
The winter months bring what's known as “Dunkelflaute” — cold, dark, windless periods (and higher energy usage).
To survive a 10-day winter lull (the minimum realistic requirement), Germany would need about 12,000 GWh of batteries — 470 times today's storage.
Such a system would weigh roughly 60 million tonnes, and would be made from vast quantities of lithium, nickel, graphite, copper, aluminum, and steel — all requiring intensive mining.
At current battery prices, the system would cost trillions of euros. And batteries last only 10 to 15 years, meaning the entire system would need constant replacement.
The conclusion is unavoidable:
Wind and solar require reliable backup power.
Renewables need oil, coal, gas, and nuclear.