Playtime in horses
Although defining and categorizing play can be challenging, researchers tend to acknowledge that play contributes to the development of motor skills, cognitive abilities, and social interaction skills, as well as likely being an enjoyable activity.
Play behavior can generally be divided into two categories: social play, which involves interaction with others, and solitary play, which involves objects or physical activity. It is more commonly observed in younger animals and less frequently observed in adults.
Foals can exhibit playful behavior within days of being born, and this behavior may often overlap with exploratory behavior. Shortly after birth, the mother's body becomes the primary focus of the foal's attention, and they may nip at her legs, pull on her tail and mane, and engage in other playful activities.
Very young foals, less than a day old, have been observed galloping to and from ('zoomies') their mother as another form of playful behavior. While initially staying close to their mothers, foals begin to increase their distance from her as they develop. By 3-4 weeks old, foals may play up to 30-50 meters away from their mother.
As foals mature, they tend to engage less in solitary play and more in playful interactions with other foals. During their initial encounter foals may stare at each other for extended periods until one approaches the other. They may then sniff and touch muzzles, nibble or groom each other, and sometimes even chase each other. However, if one or both foals feel threatened, they typically retreat until one decides to initiate play again.
Play often starts with a nose-to-nose greeting, followed by behaviors such as nudging, nipping, biting, head tossing, and pawing at the potential playmate.
Play fighting is usually observed among young males like colts or bachelors, and as they mature, they tend to engage less in playful behavior. However, play fighting can be easily confused with real fighting as these share many similarities like neck-wrestling, rearing, kneeling, or even waltzing. In this sense it can be understood as an assessment of fighting ability between males, which likely promotes less true fighting, as outcomes are already established. Sexual elements like mounting or nipping at hocks are also sometimes observed.
During play fights, horses tend to have a more playful and non-threatening approach, and they usually try to avoid causing serious harm to their playmates. The roles of attacker and defender can change (Role reversal) between them during the fight.
Social play has rules, or morals, and if one gets too rough, play ends by the other horse refusing to continue playing and likely leaving the bout.
📷VRos - Garranos at Serra do Cando (Galicia, Spain)