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ALT Figure 2. Geometry of the magnetoelectric nanoparticle: magnetoelectric core in cobalt ferrite and piezoelectric shell in barium titanate
ALT Figure 3. Representative BSEM micrographs of electrodes (left) before and (right) after stimulation. Rows show electrodes with outcomes of (top) survived, (middle) mixed, (bottom) failed. Scale bar = 40 µm. Supplemental Figs. 1 and 2 (S1 and S2) include additional representative BSEM images of devices and electrodes
ALT Figure 1. Concept of the auditory nerve implant (ANI) system consisting of an audio processor and cochlear implant simulator (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria) integrated with the ANI array (Blackrock Neurotech, Salt Lake City, Utah), which is placed directly into the auditory nerve medial to its exit from the cochlea. Image courtesy of Blackrock Neurotech and MED-EL. This schematic portrays the concept of the ANI system in which individual components are not drawn to scale or do not represent the final design that will be implanted in humans, and the placement along the nerve is expected to be closer to the cochlea within the IAC
ALT Cerami Award Recipients. From left: Michael Kilgard, Seth Hays, and Rob Rennaker Real innovations in medicine and science are historic and singular; the stories behind each occurrence are precious but often go untold. At Bioelectronic Medicine we have established the Anthony Cerami Award in Translational Medicine to document and preserve these histories. The monographs recount the seminal events as told in the voice of the original investigators who provided the crucial early insight. These essays capture the essence of discovery, chronicling the birth of ideas that created new fields of research; and launched trajectories that persisted and ultimately influenced how disease is prevented, diagnosed, and treated. Here, the Cerami Award Monograph is by Seth A. Hays, Robert L. Rennaker, and Michael P. Kilgard – leaders in using vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of neurological conditions, including poor hand function after a stroke. This is the story of their scientific journey.
ALT The experiment setup. A The 16-electrode array was inserted into the exposed axial nerve cord (ANC). Tactile and electrical stimulation were delivered into three different locations: directly onto the ANC, proximal, and distal to the electrodes’ placements. The carbon electrode array recorded spikes. B Representative spikes are shown on the right
ALT Schematic drawing showing electric field distribution of two different electrode setups, where red shows the highest electric field strength and dark blue shows the lowest electric field strength. A Single electrode setup where electric field orientation remains constant between the single pair. B Dual electrode setup where electric field orientation changes orientation by 90° every 1 s. Merged electric field distribution combining both orientations shown